We often say "pull yourself together" which means to get yourself under control from being in an emotional/hysterical state or a state of panic. Put yourself together is not an expression I've heard.

it has a few of different means but usually the main reason for someone to use put yourself together it. when you motivated someone.like for example one of your friend had a very bad relationship break up and you really don't want to lose your friend in that difficult situations so you said I know you can do better put yourself together

give the sentence where you found it

It usually only means to get dressed.