The following is a long explanation, however my simple understanding of the difference is: "wish" is used when we 'want' (as Phil said) something, but it is impossible, e.g., I wish I were taller, and "hope" is used when we want something that is possible (something that we could expect (as Phil said), e.g., If I do good work, I hope I will get a raise in my salary.
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WISH AND HOPE
wish -desire
Take ,for example, the usual wish spoken at Christmas : I wish you a Merry Christmas !.. that means: My desire is that you have a merry Christmas!
I wish he would get better - My desire is that he gets well. He doesn’t feel well now and my strong desire is that he gets better soon.
hope - expectation
I hope he will get better - I expect that he will get better. I think that when a speaker uses "hope", his implication [of the speaker] is more profound.
An interpretation for "hope":
If someone says " I hope you have a Merry Christmas!" it may mean that you did something wrong and upset that person who thinks you don’t deserve a merry Christmas
e.g. It is Christmas Eve. You threaten somebody pointing a gun at him. The police come and arrest you. You are in jail. The victim visits you [ or a victim’s relative comes] and says or wishes you ironically : "I hope you have a Merry Christmas!" and he gets out of the room. How do you feel then?
Did you get my point?
Well, this is one of the many interpretations we can find for "hope"
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