How can I say meritocracy in Chinese?
I've looked in dictionaries for meritocracy and meritocratic, but I cannot figure out how to say it in Chinese. It is a system in which people are promoted based on their skill (their merit).

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The official translation of meritocracy is 精英体制 or 精英领导体制.  But 精英体制 is the more commonly used words in articles, news and talks.

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精英政治
or
任人唯才
or
选贤举能

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精英统治

you can see this reference    http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=Q0LRSmNZdtP18JY_qhTxLqneqCEkYiJ0AS8FAqiSe_WRHVdt-h3mjHqetvzaFxlMli_FntrVkqdaX3nWWdHfEK

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精英管理制度 jing1 ying1guan3 li3 zhi4du4 或者 精英管理体系 jing1 ying1guan3 li3 ti3 xi4

it is a kind of  training?

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You mean education,business or the others?“精英教育”？