أنا = I, and it has the same meaning in both sentences. فاهمة is in feminine form, in masculine form it would be فاهم, i'll use masculine below then just add the ـة In Arabic language, majority of verbs in simple (masculine) past tense are in 3 letters. here it is فهم = understood (a male person understood) what differs is the verb structure: أفهم and فاهم أفهم as in أفعل = I do فهم = I understand فاهم is in the doer form, a person is doing فهم .. which would be = I am understanding فاهمة = I am understanding (f) in Hijazi accent, if a person says: أفهم = Af-ham, it is a request to understand, which differs from other arabic accents where they say إفهم = Ef-ham. ---- فهمت ؟ = did you understand? (m) فهمتي؟ = did you understand? (f) فهمتني؟ = do you understand me? (m) فهمتيني؟ = do you understand me? (f) * Please be careful how you sound when saying these words, as the may come off offensive. --- حترجع ....؟ = she will come back on (hjiazi arabic) when she comes back the teacher will speak with her (depends on the gender of the teacher) لما ترجع، المدرس حيكلمها (m) لما ترجع، المدرسة حتكلمها (f)