It's common at least in the UK, especially in speech. It's used often when planning a snack or after having a snack to describe its positive effect of ensuring that you don't feel hungry between meals. "I think I will a slice of cake, thank you - that should keep the wolf from the door"

It is different in the US. Here it means to pay your bills, "to keep the wolf from door" means to keep bill collectors away. It is rarely used today in the US.