"방탄소년단의 청춘 2부작은 그들 스스로의 눈부신 성장으로도 빛난다."
I think you got it wrong because you took "으로도" as "throughout".
I don't see anything that suggests "throughout" or "period" in the sentence.
~으로 here is like "with". It indicates a means by which something is done.
~으로도 puts an emphasis, like "even with", or "just with ... alone".
Here's some "~으로" examples:
- 그는 학생들을 사랑으로 대했다: He dealt with the students with love.
- 인내로 살아온 20년이었다: It has been 20 years lived with(in) perseverance.
The sentence is a little tricky, so maybe we can look at it in two steps.
First, if we remove "도", it is a plain sentence:
방탄소년단의 청춘 2부작은 그들 스스로의 눈부신 성장으로 빛난다.
=> Bangtan's two-part youth series shines with the members'[their] own dazzling growth.
Now, with "도":
방탄소년단의 청춘 2부작은 그들 스스로의 눈부신 성장으로도 빛난다.
=> Bangtan's two-part youth series even shines with the members' own dazzling growth itself.
It says it is one way it shines, and there might be more ways it does not mentioned.