From
http://www.learnkoreanlp.com/2006/11/adjectives-meet-nouns.html
Adjectives - Descriptive Form
In the previous posts, Adjectives - Present, Past and Adjectives - Polite [Present, Past], we learned that adjectives in Korean function like verbs in that they can be conjugated into present and past tenses, and various other forms.
However, when describing nouns using adjectives placed in front of them, for example, 'a beautiful bird', the adjectives must be conjugated to the descriptive form.
E.g.
아름답다 → 아름다운 [A plain form → A descriptive form]
아름다운 새 = a beautiful bird
길다 → 긴 = long
긴 연필 → a long pencil
달다 → 단 = sweet (taste)
단 초콜렛 → sweet chocolate
빨갛다 → 빨간 = red
빨간 사과 → a red apple
노랗다 → 노란 = yellow
노란 우산 = a yellow umbrella
쉽다 → 쉬운 = easy
쉬운 문제 → an easy problem/question
아름답다 → 아름다운 = beautiful
아름다운 꽃 → a beautiful flower
좁다 → 좁은 = narrow, small, cramped (space) (NOT 조은)
좁은 운동장 = a small/cramped playground
멋지다 → 멋진 = nice/cool
멋진 모자→ a nice/cool hat
예쁘다 → 예쁜 = pretty
예쁜 구두 → pretty shoes
빠르다 → 빠른 = fast
빠른 자동차 → a fast car
좋다 → 좋은 = good
좋은 사람 → a good man
Adverbs come just before verbs to describe actions.
많다, 빠르다 and 높다 each have two adverbial forms. 많이, 빨리 and 높이 are more commonly used than 많게, 빠르게 and 높게.
Example sentences
나는 스테이크를 맛있게 먹었다 = I ate my steak "deliciously" (Lit. I enjoyed my steak)
거북이는 느리게 걷는다 = A tortoise walks slowly
밥을 많이 먹었다 = I ate a big meal. (Lit. I ate a meal a lot.)
* Adjectives - Descriptive Form is located before a noun.
* Adverb is located before an adjective, an adverb or a verb.
The dog ran
개가 달렸다.
the big dog ran quickly.
큰 개가 빨리 달렸다
the very black dog ran very quickly.
아주 큰 개가 아주 빨리 달렸다