Simply put さん is a respectful way of talking. ちゃん is more casual and shows affection or intimacy. あねうえ is not being used anymore. That's the way people used to talk in the past. Hope it helps.

If one calls his or her sister or a certain woman older than him or her お姉ちゃん（おねえちゃん） rather than お姉さん（おねえさん）, then it means their relationship is closer. ちゃん is like the nickname. 姉上（あねうえ） is a respectful form of address and is usually used in ancient times.