职业生涯 means the blueprint of your whole career life while 职业规划 refers to the details of the blueprint, like setting goals for every step till achieve your final goal.
职业路径lu4jing4 is sort of like the road of your career life.
I partly agree with Dark Panther, it's a bad idea that rely on pinyin, you need to know the corresponding characters, and it's a must cause nobody uses pinyin to write or chat, pinyin only helps you read the character, meanwhile, you cant "forget pinyin", it's a necessary access to Chinese world =p
加油!