Basic English Grammar

A noun is a word that represents a person, thing, concept, or place.
Pencil, Cat, House, Australia

A verb is a word that indicates a physical action (e.g., “drive”), a mental action (e.g., “think”), or a state of being (e.g., “exist”).

An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
small, big, good, well, blue

An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb (“he sings loudly”), an adjective (“very tall”), another adverb (“ended too quickly”), or even a whole sentence (“Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella.”).

A pronoun is a word that stands in for a noun, often to avoid the need to repeat the same noun over and over.
e.g.: I, you, he, she, it

A preposition is a word or group of words used to link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. e.g. single words like in, at, on, of, to, by and with or phrases such as in front of, next to, instead of.

Conjunctions are linking words like and, or, but, then and because: 
They knocked down all the houses and they built a car park.

Interjection are a part of speech used to convey or express sudden feelings and emotions.
Oh!, hi!, Ouch!, Wow!