English describes how things are with "is" plus a describing word: the door is open, the baby is asleep, the tea is cold. English speakers translate directly and say "vaathil thurannu aanu", which sounds broken. Malayalam usually describes a state with a verb that shows the result of an action: the door "has opened and is lying there". In this episode: • Kidakkuka: lying in a state • Irikkuka: sitting in a state • Aayi: it became, it's ready • Describing words made from verbs • Colours and sizes at home • An invented scene: coming home • Language bridge • Practice • Self-check questions with answers Key phrases from this episode: വാതിൽ തുറന്നു കിടക്കുന്നു (vaathil thurannu kidakkunnu) = the door is open, lying open. കുഞ്ഞ് ഉറങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്നു (kunju urangikkidakkunnu) = the baby is asleep. ലൈറ്റ് കത്തിക്കിടക്കുന്നു (light kathikkidakkunnu) = the light has been left on. ഇരിക്കുക (irikkuka) = to sit, to be. As a helper it describes a settled state. കട അടച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു (kada adachirikkunnu) = the shop is closed. അവൻ വന്നിട്ടുണ്ട് (avan vannittundu) = he has come, he is here. ആകുക (aakuka) = to become. Its past ആയി (aayi) = became, is now. ചോറ് ആയി (choru aayi) = the rice is ready. സമയം ആയി (samayam aayi) = it's time. എല്ലാം റെഡി ആയി (ellaam ready aayi) = everything is ready. ചായ തണുത്തുപോയി (chaaya thanuthupoyi) = the tea has gone cold. പഴം പഴുത്തു (pazham pazhuthu) = the banana has ripened. തുണി ഉണങ്ങി (thuni unangi) = the clothes have dried. പാൽ പിരിഞ്ഞു (paal pirinju) = the milk has curdled. Learn Spoken Malayalam at Home: a complete course in everyday spoken Malayalam for English speakers. Native Malayalam pronunciation, every phrase in Malayalam script, Manglish and English, plus a language bridge comparing Malayalam with other world languages. Listen, repeat out loud, then take the 52-question quiz. Audio voiced with AI from an original script by Dr. Rashmi R Nair.