1. In hot weather people use bigger umbrellas and fixate them so they get shade (like on beaches or when picnicking), how do you call these "umbrellas"?

2. And I saw the term "Parasol" for umbrellas held like regular umbrellas to block sun while walking around, is that a common term used?

Question

1. In hot weather people use bigger umbrellas and fixate them so they get shade (like on beaches or when picnicking), how do you call these "umbrellas"?

2. And I saw the term "Parasol" for umbrellas held like regular umbrellas to block sun while walking around, is that a common term used?

Answer

For 1: 
Q. What are the large umbrellas people set up to provide shade, such as at the beach, called?
A. Beach umbrellas.

For 2:
Q. Is the term ‘parasol’ used to describe portable umbrellas used to provide shade?
A. The word is known but not used regularly in the US.

Answer

We just call it an "umbrella". You can say "parasol". That's a classy word.

Answer

If people are just carrying an umbrella to protect themselves from the sun, in the US, we would still generally call it an 'umbrella.' Probably, technically, if it were designed explicitly for the purpose of blocking the sun, it would be a parasol, but we very rarely use a fancy word like that in the US :)

Answer

A really big umbrella that you can stick in the ground is a "beach umbrella." A larger-than-normal umbrella that you can hold in your hand is a "golf umbrella." "Parasol" isn't the most common word in the world, but it is fairly common.