Sentence with "As a result of"
Which one is correct?and which one sounds naturally?
1)As a result of my car had been broken I had to go on foot
2) As a result of my car being broken I had to go on foot
3 as a result of my car's breaking I had to go on foot

If we speak about past using this idiom have we ALWAYS use Past perfect in first part ( after as a result of) and past tence in the second? Thank you!

Question

Sentence with "As a result of"
Which one is correct?and which one sounds naturally?
1)As a result of my car had been broken I had to go on foot
2) As a result of my car being broken I had to go on foot
3 as a result of my car's  breaking I had to go on foot

If we speak about past using this idiom  have we ALWAYS use Past perfect in first part ( after as a result of) and past tence in the second? Thank you!

Answer

Choice 2 sounds good to me, the others seem a little off. The reason is that when you say "as a result of", the next thing must be a noun or noun phrase. For example, "As a result of good test scores, he passed the class" or "As a result of cancer, he was sick." For choice 1, "my car had been broken" is not a noun phrase. For choice 3, "my car's breaking" is a noun phrase but it sounds unusual.

I don't understand the second part of your question, but I do not think that you always need past perfect. For example, "As a result of walking daily, he has good health" or "As a result of eating too much, he is overweight." But maybe you need present perfect when you use present for the second part, and maybe you need past perfect when you use past for the second part.

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