I'm confused by these sentences?
I don't know how to rewrite these sentences correctly. Please help me! Thanks.

1. The cytoplasm within the cell is extended to produce dendrons. Each dendron has a number of long fine structures called dendrites.
= The cytoplasm within the cell is extended to produce dendrons, each which has a number of long fine structures called dendrites.
2. A new situation appears and our brain may take longer to interpret the message and decide what to do.
= When a new situation appears, our brain may take longer to interpret the message and decide what to do.
3. An echocardiogram is an ultrasound shows how the blood is moving through the heart and its size
=An echocardiogram is an ultrasound shows how the blood is moving through the heart and how. the heart's size is
4. Babies may not be fully protected until they've had three doses.
= Not until have they had three doses, babies may be fully protected.

Question

I'm confused by these sentences?
I don't know how to rewrite these sentences correctly. Please help me! Thanks.

1. The cytoplasm within the cell is extended to produce dendrons. Each dendron has a number of long fine structures called dendrites.
=> The cytoplasm within the cell is extended to produce dendrons, each which has a number of long fine structures called dendrites.
2. A new situation appears and our brain may take longer to interpret the message and decide what to do.
=> When a new situation appears, our brain may take longer to interpret the message and decide what to do. 
3. An echocardiogram is an ultrasound shows how the blood is moving through the heart and its size
=>An echocardiogram is an ultrasound shows how the blood is moving through the heart and how. the heart's size is
4. Babies may not be fully protected until they've had three doses.
=> Not until have they had three doses, babies may be fully protected.

Answer

Hi Landlala,

1. You need to say 'each of which'. This relative clause is replacing a sentence which would start with 'each of them...'.

2. Perfect sentence, well done!

3. An echocardiogram is an ultrasound WHICH shows how the blood is moving through the heart and HOW BIG the heart is/WHAT THE SIZE OF THE HEART IS.

4. 'Not until' in the beginning of a sentence is actually a type of grammar called 'negative inversion'.

For 'Not until', keep the first clause in the usual word order and change the second half to a Yes/No question.

Not until they have three doses, may the babies be fully protected /are the babies fully protected.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any more questions! :)

Answer

1.) The cytoplasm within the cell is extended to produce dendrons, each OF which has a number of long fine structures called dendrites.

2.) It is correct as you wrote it.

3.) An echocardiogram is an ultrasound shows the size of the heart and how the blood is moving through it. (The antecedent of "it" is clear from semantics. But I would not phrase it this way; this sounds like a high school student. If you are in university, your teacher should be modeling university level English work for you.)

4.) No need to re-write the example. But if I follow your model, "Until have they had three doses, babies may NOT be fully protected."

Answer

I'm so sorry I didn't write my answers for these questions. Thanks Anna M for reminding me about that. Sorry if I made you annoyed

Answer

Why don't you try and then we can see where you're going wrong? We're not here to do your homework for you.

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