“下来”的引申义有：表示从过去到现在；表示动作经过费力、费时的过程后完成；表示开始出现某种状态然后继续发展 如：汉语很难学，但他还是坚持下来了。 天色渐渐暗下来了。 “过来”引申义就是：表示动作改变方向，朝着说话的人的方向去了；表示恢复到正常状态；表示能力可以达到；表示度过了某个特殊时期 如：睡了三天他终于醒过来了。 需要看的书太多了，我真有点忙不过来了。 艰难的日子总算熬过来了。 起来的引申义就是：表示开始并继续；表示回忆有了结果（just like what you said,remember something you forgot be4）;表示估计、评价。 如：几瓶酒下肚，他不由自主的唱起来。 事情已经过去很多年，我真的一点都想不起来了。 看起来你今天的状态不太好啊。 我补充一个“出来”，它的引申义就是：表示由隐藏的状态到显露的状态；表示实现目标；表示通过分辨出了结果；表示留出空间。 如：他虽然啥都没说，但是不难看出来他现在很难过。 关于这个新产品的方案，我已经设计出来了 忙了一天，这个房间总算腾出来了。

1，还有“向来”和“从来”，两者的意思都是从过去到现在一直保持着某种情况或者状态，“从来”包含有绝对肯定或者绝对否定的语气。 如：我做事向来干脆果断。我从来不用这样的语气和别人说话。 2，表示趋向补语的时候，当宾语是表示人或者物体的名词的时候，动词表示的动作已经发生，“来”在宾语前后都可以。如：朋友送来了一把雨伞/朋友送了一把雨伞来。 当宾语是表示人或者物体名词的时候，动作还未发生，格式就应该是：verb+宾语+来 如：眼看就要下雨了，我让妈妈送把伞来。 当宾语是抽象名字的时候，格式就是：v.+来+宾语 如：手机给人家的生活带来了极大的方便。 还有一些固定搭配就是：起来，出来，过来，下来，看起来 好多好复杂啊，不会再问我吧，我一时就想起来这么多

1.来 : as the simple complement of direction to the predicate verb. for example: 上来，下来，进来，出来，回来，过来，起来（just like your example）, and others : 买(buy)来，借(borrow)来，拿(take)来，带(bring)来，寄(post)来，搬(move)来 and so on. these verbs followed by 来 indicate the motion precedes towards the speaker and often imply the completion of an action. ex.他带来一个朋友。(He brings a friend to me) 他借来一本书。（He borrowed a book .） 2.来 with seven verbs can be used as the compound complement of direction .There are 上来，下来，进来，出来，回来，过来，起来。These compound complement of direction after a verb predicate indicates a dual direction. ex.他走进来了.(the motion proceeds from outside to inside and towards the speaker who isinside. ) 3.the extended meanings of the 来compound complement of direction： ①起来used after the verb prediate： Ⅰ.Indicating the start and continuation of an action,or the forming and developing of a certain shape. ex.天热起来了(It is getting warm) ex.听了他的话，我们都笑起来了(With his words,we get laughing) Ⅱ. Expressing the idea that dispersed people or things come together ex.我们应该团结起来(We should draw together) ex.把衣服收起来(Put the clothes together,please) Ⅲ. Expressing the meaning“(when something is done ,you will find….) “ ex.这个工具用起来很方便(means “when you used this tool, you will find it suitable and convenient) ex.它听起来不错 It sounds good.(means “when you listen to it,you will find it is good” ) There are others：闻(smell)起来， 看(look)起来，吃(eat)起来 and so on ②出来used after the verb prediate： Ⅰ. Expressing something coming into being as a result of an action. ex.他把意见都说出来了.(He has come out with his idea.) ex.我把那张画画出来了(I have finished the painting) Ⅱ. Expressingthe identification of a person or thing or something concealed being exposed through the action. ex.我认出来了，他是麦克(I have recognized him,he is Mike.) ex.我把这个错误检查出来了(I have checked out this mistake) ③下来 used after the ver predicate or the adj.： Ⅰ.expressing the gradual change ex.天黑下来了(It is getting dark.) ex.车停下来了(the car is getting stop ) Ⅱ.indicating sth. being fixed to or remaining at a certain place so that it willnot disappear,leave or be forgotten ex.我把它画下来了(I have drawn it on the paper) ex.他把名字写下来(He wrote down the name.) Ⅲ.it can also indicate the gradual change from the past to the present,from the start to the end. ex.这个故事流传下来了(The story has come down.) ex.汉语很难，但是他们都坚持下来了(Chinese is very difficult, but they all stick it out) ④上来 used after the verb predicate indicates having the abilities to do sth.and finish it. ex.这个问题我回答上来了。（means I can answer the question and I answered it.）

起来 can be "to get up from the ground or the bed on which someone is lying or sitting". As 补语, it can mean "to get started". For example, 他走了起来。 He starts to walk. 他跳了起来。 It may be "he starts to jump" or "he jumps to get up". And in the imperative sentence, including "Do..(please)" and "Let's do...", 起来 is also used. 让我们走吧。 Let's go. Here 走 is to go. 让我们走起来。 Let's start to walk. Here 走 is to walk. And the walk may be for exercise or march or something. ...吧 and ...起来 emphasize different points.

其实这个好像没有特定的“区别” 这就像你们动词后面跟的这些个介词一样（ call up .call over ) 很多都是中国人的习惯用法 而且这种习惯越来越趋向于随性 所以并不建议你去大片的记忆例句 平时见到听到 随时pick up常用的就很够用了