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Chinese to English Translation - Drug Education
藥品教育–給家長及監護人的參考資料
Drug Education: A Guide for Parents and Guardians
“藥品”的含義
The Meaning of “Drugs”
藥品是指任何除食物、水和氧氣之外，服食後能給人體帶來生理和心理功能變化的物質。
A drug is any substance other than food, water, or oxygen that causes physiological or psychological changes in the body after being ingested.
“藥品”涵蓋的範圍包括：
合法藥品，如咖啡因，煙草和酒精。
能夠從藥店或超市購買的藥品，如止痛藥和非激素類的抗炎症類藥品。
需要醫生處方的鎮靜劑。
非法藥品，如大麻，海洛因，迷幻藥和安非他明。
其他任何不恰當使用的物質，如汽油和溶解劑。
“Drugs” include:
Legal drugs, e.g. caffeine, tobacco, alcohol.
Drugs that can be purchased from pharmacies and supermarkets, e.g. painkillers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories.
Prescription-only sedatives.
Illicit drugs, e.g. marijuana, heroin, hallucinogens, amphetamines.
Any other substances used inappropriately, e.g. petrol, solvents.
學校目前實施的藥品教育準則
The Current Drug Education Standards Implemented in Schools
目前教育的準則的前題，是承認社會中存在使用各類藥品的事實。兒童很早便意識到藥品這個問題。他們從家庭成員，朋友，學校，社會和媒介(特別是電視、電臺和互聯網)中獲得這方面的信息，繼而形成了他們對藥品的態度。
The premise of the current education standards is to acknowledge the fact that all kinds of drugs are used in society. Children become aware of drug issues from an early age. Their attitude towards drugs is formed by the information they get from family members, friends, school, society, and the media (especially television, radio, and the Internet).
藥品教育提倡健康的生活方式，並為年輕人提供正確和清晰的信息，說明使用藥品的後果；同時培養他們交流，決策和解決問題的技能，使他們能夠對藥品的使用作出全面和理智的決定。
Drug education promotes a healthy lifestyle, provides clear and accurate information to young people, and illustrates the consequences of drug use. It also develops their communication, decision-making, and problem-solving skills so that they can make comprehensive and rational decisions about drug use.
藥品教育特別重視關於止痛藥，煙草和酒精的教育，也恰如其分地提供了有關大麻的信息。調查顯示，這些藥品對青年人的危害最為嚴重。
Drug education pays special attention to painkillers, tobacco, and alcohol. It also provides information about marijuana accordingly. Studies show that these drugs are the most harmful to young people.
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Chinese to English Translation - The HSK (Part 2)
咋天参加考试的韩国人比以往有明显增加。据了解，这主要是因为韩国爆发的金融危机使许多学生手头骤然拮据，不得不提前终止学业。在离开中国之前，他们希望能拿到汉语水平证书，这样“回国找工作会方便些”。
There was a noticeable increase in Koreans taking the test yesterday. It is understood that this is mainly due to the Korean financial crisis leaving many students suddenly short of money and with no choice but to end their studies early. They hope to get a Chinese proficiency certificate before leaving china so that it will be easier to get a job when they return home.
目前，全世界已有9万多人参加了汉语水平考试，是历史上外国人学汉语人数最多的时期。由于中国经济的迅猛发展，外商纷纷来华投资，他们要求职员必须掌握一定程度的汉语，并将其汉语水平与提薪升迁直接挂钩。另外，国家教委曾明文规定，外国人要到中国的高等院校学习非汉语专业必须通过汉语水平考试。
More than 90,000 people around the world have taken the HSK, and the number of foreigners learning Chinese is now the highest in history. Due to the rapid development of China's economy, foreign businesses have come to China in droves to invest. They require their staff to have mastered a certain level of Chinese, and this is directly linked to pay raises and promotions. The State Education Commission also clearly stipulates that foreigners who wish to study a non-Chinese major at tertiary institutions in China must pass the HSK.
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Chinese to English Translation - The HSK (Part 1)
昨天清晨，在京工作、学习的3000多名外国人早早地就赶到北京语言文化大学、北京外国语大学和北京第二外国语大学参加汉语水平考试。
More than 3000 foreigners working and studying in Beijing rushed to Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, and Beijing International Studies University early yesterday morning to take the Chinese Proficiency Test.
汉语水平考试又称HSK,是专门为测试外国人和国内母语非汉语者的汉语水平而设立的国家级标准化考试。据了解，此次参加考试年龄最大的是位77岁的日本老先生，年龄最小的是年仅16岁的韩国男孩。
The Chinese Proficiency Test, also known as the HSK, is a national standardised test established especially for testing the Chinese proficiency of foreigners and Chinese who are non-native speakers of Mandarin. It is understood that the oldest person taking this test was a 77-year-old Japanese man, and the youngest was a Korean boy aged only 16.
汉语水平考试自1988年首次实行至今，全世界已有115个国家的6万余人拿到了汉语水平考试合格证书。目前除在京、津、沪、广州、长春等18个城市设有考点外，日本、意大利、加拿大、澳大利亚等16个国家和地区也均有考点。
More than 60,000 people from 115 countries around the world have obtained HSK certification since the test was first conducted in 1988. In addition to testing centres in 18 cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Changchun, 16 countries and regions – including Japan, Italy, Canada, and Australia – also have testing centres.
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Passive Markers - 被, 受, and 由
What are the differences between 被, 受, and 由 in passive sentences? Are there any generalisable rules for their usage?
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成为、变成、变化、变得、改变、转变和修改有什么区别？
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听到、听过和听说过有什么区别？
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听说、听说了、听说过和听说过了有什么区别？
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津贴、补贴和补助有什么区别？
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Chinese to English Translation - Made in China
中国制造
Made in China
我从美国买了几件小礼物来送给中国朋友。到了中国以后，才发现这几件礼物都是在中国做的。这让我觉得有些尴尬—从美国买了中国东西来送给中国朋友！
I bought a few small gifts from America to give to my Chinese friends. After arriving in China, I discovered that these gifts were all made in China. This made me feel a little embarrassed—buying Chinese things in America and giving them to my Chinese friends!
人们常说中国是世界上最大的市场，其实中国也是世界上最大的工厂。现在美国许多衣服、鞋子、箱子、家具和家用电器都是在中国制造的，价钱便宜，质量也很好。这主要是因为中国既有丰富的资源，又有比较廉价的劳动力和安定的社会，所以许多美国大公司都把工厂设在中国。有些美国人担心这个情况会造成美国工人失业。
People often say that China is the world’s largest marketplace. Actually, China is also the world’s largest factory. Today, much of America’s clothing, footwear, boxes, furniture, and household appliances are made in China. Prices are cheap, and the quality is very good. This is mainly due to China’s abundance of existing natural resources as well as cheap labour and social stability. As a result, many large American companies set up factories in China. Some Americans worry that this situation will cause American workers to lose their jobs.
欧洲和美国的公司把工厂设在发展中国家，一方面可能减少了欧美工人的就业机会，但是另一方面却降低了商品的成本，使全世界的人都能享受到物美价廉的东西。
European and American companies set up factories in developing countries. On the one hand, this may reduce opportunities for workers in Europe and America to obtain employment. However, on the other hand, product costs will be lowered, and people from all over the world will be able to enjoy high-quality goods at low prices.
中国的改革开放不但提高了中国人的生活水平，对全世界的经济发展也做出了一定的贡献。
China’s reform and opening up to the rest of the world has not only improved the standard of living for the Chinese; it has also contributed to the world’s economic development.
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