Class 43, Malayalam Script Edition. Idioms and proverbs — the fuller collection, drilled, with every line written properly in Malayalam script. This is the longer companion to the spoken Class 43. More proverbs, more repetition, and the Malayalam set out in script so you can read as well as hear. THE REMARKABLE THING YOU WILL SEE REPEATEDLY Several Malayalam idioms are word-for-word identical to English ones. Not similar — identical. And there is no possibility of borrowing in either direction. I point out each one as it arrives. ഒരു പൂവ് കൊണ്ട് വസന്തം ആകില്ല (oru poovu kondu vasantham aakilla) — one flower does not make a spring. A single instance proves nothing. Aristotle, in the Nicomachean Ethics, writes that one swallow does not make a summer. That line entered European proverb tradition and is still current in English, French, German, Italian and Greek. One flower, one swallow. Kerala and Athens. Same thought, same shape, no contact. ധൃതി പിശാചിന്റെ പണി (dhruthi pishaachinte pani) — haste is the devil's work. More striking still, because Arabic has a well-known formula that haste is from the devil. Unlike the Aristotle case, contact here is entirely plausible: Kerala had Arab trade and settlement for over a thousand years. A proverb travelling on a spice ship is not a fanciful idea. വിന വിതച്ചാൽ വിന കൊയ്യും (vina vithachaal vina koyyum) — sow trouble, reap trouble. The sowing-and-reaping image is one of the most widespread metaphors on earth — Biblical, Greek, Sanskrit, Chinese. Every agricultural society independently noticed that what you put in the ground is what comes up. പാമ്പിന് പാലു കൊടുത്താൽ വിഷം തരും (paambinu paalu koduthaal visham tharum) — feed a snake milk and it gives you poison. Aesop told this as the farmer and the viper twenty-five centuries ago. It exists in Persian, Arabic and across India. The snake is a very stable symbol. നായ കുരച്ചാൽ ദേവാലയം അശുദ്ധമാകില്ല (naaya kurachaal devaalayam ashuddhamaakilla) · തുമ്പിയെക്കൊണ്ട് കല്ലെടുപ്പിക്കുക (thumbiyekkondu kalleduppikkuka) · അറിയാത്ത പിള്ള ചൊറിയുമ്പോൾ അറിയും (ariyaatha pilla choriyumbol ariyum) — and more. Taught by Dr. Reshmi R Nair.