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Adjectives, Colours and Comparison — How Malayalam Describes Everything | Learn Malayalam #82
Descrizione
Three things in this class will surprise you. Malayalam builds most of its adjectives out of nouns, so once you know a noun you nearly know the adjective. Malayalam has no word for "than". And the colour vocabulary turns out to be a demonstration of one of the most remarkable findings in the history of linguistics.
THE BASICS — ADJECTIVE BEFORE NOUN
വലിയ big · ചെറിയ small · പുതിയ new · പഴയ old (of things)
വലിയ വീട് a big house · ചെറിയ കുട്ടി a small child · പുതിയ ഷർട്ട് a new shirt
നല്ല good · മോശം bad, poor · ചീത്ത bad, spoilt
നല്ല is doing enormous work: നല്ല ചൂട് is not good heat, it is very hot. നല്ല മഴ is heavy rain. നല്ല രുചി is delicious. Learn to hear നല്ല as "very" as much as "good".
THE MACHINE — ഉള്ള MEANS HAVING
നീളം length → നീളമുള്ള long · ഉയരം height → ഉയരമുള്ള tall · വീതി width → വീതിയുള്ള wide
രുചി taste → രുചിയുള്ള tasty · ഭംഗി beauty → ഭംഗിയുള്ള beautiful
വില price → വിലയുള്ള valuable · ബുദ്ധി intelligence → ബുദ്ധിയുള്ള intelligent
അർത്ഥം meaning → അർത്ഥമുള്ള meaningful
You do not memorise adjectives separately. You learn nouns and generate adjectives.
And its negative partner, ഇല്ലാത്ത, not having: അർത്ഥമില്ലാത്ത meaningless · വിലയില്ലാത്ത worthless
THE SENSES
ചൂടുള്ള hot · തണുത്ത cold · മധുരമുള്ള sweet · എരിവുള്ള spicy · പുളിയുള്ള sour · കയ്പുള്ള bitter · ഉപ്പുള്ള salty
എരിവ് കൂടുതലാണ് it is too spicy · എരിവ് കുറച്ച് മതി a little less spice is enough
THE COLOURS
വെള്ള white · കറുപ്പ് black · ചുവപ്പ് red · പച്ച green · നീല blue · മഞ്ഞ yellow · തവിട്ട് brown · ചാര grey · ഓറഞ്ച് orange · പിങ്ക് pink
Berlin and Kay showed in nineteen sixty-nine that colour terms enter languages in a near-universal order: black and white, then red, then green and yellow, then blue, then brown, and only then pink, orange, purple and grey. Malayalam sits exactly where that hierarchy predicts — the early terms are native, and the two late ones are English borrowings.
Quizzes below.
Dr. Reshmi R Nair — SpeakMalayalam.
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