Urdu and Hindi are, in everyday speech, close relatives: a Hindi speaker and an Urdu speaker chat without effort. So why a separate lab? Because the sound inventory an Urdu speaker brings to English is slightly different, and the differences land exactly on the sounds that cause trouble in the Hindi lab. What you will learn: • Urdu in one minute • Consonant shifts, and the ones that do not happen • Vowel shifts • Rhythm, melody and the courtesy register • Particles and discourse words • The decode routine: undo the shift • Practice: decode the sentence • Listening strategies • Self-check questions to test your ear Level: B1–B2. Self-study: listen, then take the quizzes. Audio voiced with AI from an original script by Dr. Rashmi R Nair.