The correct phrase is: "one of the most remarkable aspects of this course is…"
In this sentence, "aspects" is the correct word to use after "remarkable" because "remarkable" is describing multiple qualities or features of the course, not just one. The word "aspects" is the plural form of "aspect," and it aligns with the idea that there are several remarkable qualities or features to discuss about the course.
The grammar rule at play here is the agreement between adjectives and nouns. When you have a plural noun ("aspects" in this case), the adjective ("remarkable") should also be in its plural form to agree in number.