(أنَّ)- is used for Assertion, to give the meaning of a sentence more Confirmation, it can be translated with "that" in English; ظَنَنْتُ أحمد يَدْرُسُ. ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ أحمد يَدْرُسُ. I thought that Ahmad is studying. * The sentence with (أن) is more confirmed. (أَوْ)- is used to give choices as "or" in English; أُرِيدُ تُفَاحَةً أَوْ بُرْتُقَالةً. I want an apple or an orange. (بَيْنَمَا)- is used as "While" in English; بَيْنَمَا كُنْتُ أَمْشِي, رَأْيْتُ قِطَةً. While I was walking I saw a cat. (ف)- is one of the Conjunction tools in Arabic, it is used for Order in time. وَصَلَ الْحَفْلَةَ أحمد فرامي. Ahmad has arrived to the party then Rami. * ف has another uses is Arabic, it can be used with imperative sentence, and it can be used to give the meaning of (so). فَاْفْعَل مَا تُرِيدْ. Do what you want! رَأَيْتُ قِطَةً صَغِيرَةً فأَخَذْتُهَا. I saw a little cat (so/then) I took it. (كَأَنَّ)- is used for Confirmation and Resemblance, it is ك + أن , أن is for confirmation or assertion, and ك is for resemblance; كَأَنَّ الشَارِعَ طَوِيلٌ. As if the street is long. (كَأَنَّمَا)- has the same use of كأَنَّ; ك + أن + ما But when ما comes with them, we have to use different (harakat/vowels) , ما makes the vowel changes for the word after it; كأَنَّ الشارعَ طويلٌ. كَأّنَّمَا الشَارِعُ طويلٌ. Notice the haraka/vowel of the word after كأن and after كأنما (on the last letter), it changes from (fat-ha) to (damma) , عَ to عُ (لَمَّا)- means "When" ; ابْتَسَمَ لَمَّا رَآني. He smiled when he saw me. (لَمْ)- is used with present verb and make it negative, and turn the present meaning into a past meaning; لَمْ يَعْمَلْ. He didn’t work in the past. لَمْ يَدْرُسْ جَيداً. He didn’t study well. لَمْ يَدْرُسْ رامي جَيداً. Rami didn’t study well. (^_^)(^_^)(^_^)

All the answers above are great, but I just wanted to point out something about "أن" there are two articles written the same way but with different tashkeel أن read : "An" (with sokoon on the noon) and أن read : "Anna" (with a shadda on the ن ) ---------------------------------- the first one "An" is used to express the infinitive. It's usually translated to "to" of the infinitive for example : I want "to play" أريد أن ألعب أريد : I want أن : to ألعب : play ---------------------------------- The second one "Anna" is used like in this sentence : (usually translates to "that") I know that Ahmad is a hardworking person أعلم أن أحمد شخص مجتهد أعلم : I know أن : that أحمد شخص مجتهد : Ahmad is a hardworking person Also "Anna" is attached to pronouns but "An" is NOT. because An is usually followed by a verb For example : I know that you are a hardworking person أعلم أنك شخص مجتهد أعلم : I know أنك : that you (the kaaf is a pronoun meaning "you") read : "Annaka" شخص مجتهد : are a hardworking person you can also find connected to other pronouns like : "أنها" Annaha : that she ... for example : I know that she is scared . أعلم أنها خائفة "أنهم" Annahom : that they ... for example : Sameer told me that they are travelling tomorrow سمير أخبرني أنهم سيسافرون غدا --------------------------------------------------------------- There is also a third article that is sometimes confused with "Anna" and "An" : إن "Inna" the Alef has a Kasra and the noon has a shadda. This one is used for emphasis and affirmation. so you can say : Ahmad is nice أحمد لطيف but you can emphasize it more by saying : إن أحمد لطيف : Inna Ahmad Lateef Indeed Ahmad is nice or Ahmad is really nice إن الله غفور رحيم : Indeed, god is oft forgiving, most merciful إن الله : Indeed , Allah غفور رحيم : is forgiving, merciful and Inna also can be connected with pronouns. like : إنه غبي : Indeed he is stupid إنه : Indeed he (the Haa is a pronoun . it means "he" or "him") غبي : is stupid or : إني آسف : Indeed I am sorry . or : I am really sorry إني : Indeed , I آسف : am sorry ----------------------------------------------------------- A fourth article that looks similar but totally different is "In" إن. written like Inna, with a Kasra under the Alef but NO Shadda on the noon In is similar to "If" in English إن تطيعوه تهتدوا : If you obey him, you are rightly guided إن : If تطيعوه : you obey him تهتدوا : You are rightly guided ------------------------------------------------------------ I Hope this clarifies the differences between An, Anna , Inna and In :)

محمد يريد أن يصبح طبيبا here we use (an) as be in english: mohammed wants to (be) a doctor اريد شايا أو قهوة (aw) is like or in english: I want tea (or) coffee بينما كنت بطريقي الي المنزل رايت الحادث (baynama) is like while: (while) i was in my way to hope, i saw the accident رأيت السيارة قادمة باتجاهي (فهربت) الي الرصيف I saw the car comes toward me, (so/then/after that) i went to the pavement (fa) is like then but not exactly, it means i act very fast لم أذهب للمدرسة البارحة (lam) is like didn't : i (didn't) went to school yesterday كأن : like as, you can use only ك instead of that كأنما: like as, you can use only ك instead of that لما: when these we don't use them a lot

Salam, ان,ane. like to اريد ان اتعلم الانجليزية I want to learn english. أو , awe. like or احب ان اسافر بالطائرة او القطار I like to travel by plane or train بينما, by namma. like while بينما كنت ادرس رن الهاتف While I was studying the phone rang. ف, Fa. like so, then, after that تاخرت الحافلة فذهبت مشيا The bus was delayed (so, then) I want walk. ك + ان :كأن, K'anna, like as جميلة كالزهرة Beautiful as a flower ك+ان+ما: كأنما . like as لَمَّا, La'ma. like when لَمَّا كنت صغيرا When I was young لما, Lamma, and لم , Lamme: negative conjunctions. like do not. لم اذهب الى الحفله I did not go to the concert لولا الانترنت لما تعارفنا without internet we can not meeting. بالتوفيق ان شاء الله Good luck.