How do you call these students?
In Chinese, in these days, we have some new phases, or words.

Xue Shen, those who do not need pay any attention to class, homework, practice questions, but get A+ or full score in exams. In Chinese, it means like study-god.

Xue Ba, those who study very hard, do well in homework and do a lot of practice questions. And finally get A+ or A. In Chinese, it means like study-tyrant

Xue Zha, those who do not care of their score, do not pay attention in class, play a lot and get C or less. In Chinese, it means like study-cinder.

Xue Ruo, those who study hard, try to understand what they should understand, and cannot understand in the end, and finally get C or less. In Chinese, it means like study-weak.

Xue Gao, those who do not want to study and want you play with him/her, some kind of stick on you, and do not care about their score a lot, and finally get BCD....In Chinese, it means like study-sticky cake.

Are there some words to describe these people?

Question

How do you call these students?
In Chinese, in these days, we have some new phases, or words.

Xue Shen, those who do not need pay any attention to class, homework, practice questions, but get A+ or full score in exams. In Chinese, it means like study-god.

Xue Ba, those who study very hard, do well in homework and do a lot of practice questions. And finally get A+ or A. In Chinese, it means like study-tyrant

Xue Zha, those who do not care of their score, do not pay attention in class, play a lot and get C or less. In Chinese, it means like study-cinder.

Xue Ruo, those who study hard, try to understand what they should understand, and cannot understand in the end, and finally get C or less. In Chinese, it means like study-weak.

Xue Gao, those who do not want to study and want you play with him/her, some kind of stick on you, and do not care about their score a lot, and finally get BCD....In Chinese, it means like study-sticky cake.

Are there some words to describe these people?

Answer

Wow!  Thank you very much for this insight into Chinese culture. It's been a long time since I've been in school, but, to my knowledge, we have no corresponding words in English. You've almost presented an alternative grading system that takes into account how hard a student has worked and not just the outcome of their study.

In my day, we called a Xue Ba, a grind, someone who studied hard and got good grades. I can't imagine what you mean by Xue Gao. It sounds like your average student.

Answer

The literal translations do not make any sense in English. No English speaker would understand what they mean, other than "study god". A basic way to express each would be: 学神: brain, gifted, talented 学霸: grind (that is an older British expression, I think). There doesn't seem to be much real distinction between 学渣 and 学糕 at least in American thinking. We'd probably call these both "poor students", or more casually "slackers". 学若 is just that: a weak student, a struggling student. Struggling student is the expression used these days in schools.

Answer

Very interesting. I will ask my students what they think they are and see if I agree!

In England we would call the second one a "swot"

Answer

The literal translations do not make any sense in English. No English speaker would understand what they mean, other than "study god". A basic way to express each would be:
学神: brain, gifted, talented
学霸: grind (that is an older British expression, I think).
There doesn't seem to be much real distinction between 学渣 and 学糕 at least in American thinking. We'd probably call these both "poor students", or more casually "slackers".
学若 is just that: a weak student, a struggling student. Struggling student is the expression used these days in schools.

Answer

I think these words are well described by study-god, study-tyrant, study-cinder, study-weak. As for the last one, I am not familiar with that. In Chinese, they are 学神、学霸、学渣、学弱。I agree with your description.