Cerca tra vari insegnanti di Inglese...
Dylan
Where can I find tutorials to help me with 하소서체 verb conjugations?
Where can I find tutorials to help me with 하소서체 verb conjugations? This is the style of verbs used often in the Korean Bible, and I'm finding it to be hard to understand mostly because I don't know how these verb conjugations work. For example, in John 1:1 (요한복음 1:1):
태초에 말씀이 계시니라 이 말씀이 하나님과 함께 계셨으니 이 말씀은 곧 하나님이시니라
I understand the word part계 to be the same as the part of the word for goodbye: 안녕히계세요, meaning to stay or exist, which I think comes from 계시다. But I don't know what the 시니라 part really means. Is this the past tense, so that this means "it existed"?
If that's so, then what does 계셨으니 mean? The english version has this as "was". But I thought계시니라 meant "was"? What is the difference, then, between 계셨으니 and 계시니라?
Then, the last word is 이시니라, which I take to be the honorific 하소서체 version of 이다 (to be), but with the honorific in-fix of 시 embedded inside.
21 apr 2014 21:08
Risposte · 8
요한복음 1장 1절:
태초에 말씀이 계-시-니라. 이 말씀이 하나님과 함께 계셨-으니, 이 말씀은 곧 하나님이-시-니라.
In the above sentenes, there were not used with any ending in speech level 하소서체, but used in a speech level 해라체.
'계시-니라' is made up of the stem of verb '계시-다' and the ending of 해라체 '-니라', which is used when giving a spoken description or explanation to the inferior listener, especially in a story book or speech.
And '계셨-으니' is shorten form of '계시-었-으니'. Here, the tense prefinal ending '-었-' is used, and the connective ending '-으니' is attached after that.
하나님 (God, noun)
하나님-이-다. (noun+이-다 -- predicative particle 이-다)
하나님-이-시-다. (the honorific ending '-시-' is added)
하나님-이-시-니라 (the final ending '-니라' is added)
Examples used in speech level 하소서체
John 3:2 (From NIV)
He came to Jesus at night and said, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs you are doing if God were not with him.”
(From 한국어 개역개정)
그가 밤에 예수께 와서 이르되, "랍비여, 우리가 당신은 하나님께로부터 오신 선생인 줄 아-나이다. 하나님이 함께 하시지 아니하시면 당신이 행하시는 이 표적을 아무도 할 수 없음이-니이다."
하소서체 endings '-나이다' and '-니이다' are used in the above paragraph.
John 3:4
“How can someone be born when they are old?” Nicodemus asked. “Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother’s womb to be born!”
니고데모가 이르되, "사람이 늙으면 어떻게 날 수 있-사옵-나이까? (사람이 어찌) 두 번째 모태에 들어갔다가 날 수 있-사옵-나이까?"
하소서체 interrogative ending, '-나이까 ' is used in the above paragraph, and the honorific '-사옵-' is used as well.
23 aprile 2014
Another example in the Bible.
Job 1:6 ~ 1:12
6 One day the angels came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan[b] also came with them.
6. 하루는 하나님의 아들들이 와서 여호와 앞에 섰고 사탄도 그들 가운데에 온지라,
7 The Lord said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Satan answered the Lord, “From roaming throughout the earth, going back and forth on it.”
7 여호와께서 사탄에게 이르시되, "네가 어디서 왔느냐?" 사탄이 여호와께 대답하여 이르되, "땅을 두루 돌아 여기저기 다녀왔-나이다"
8 Then the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one on earth like him; he is blameless and upright, a man who fears God and shuns evil.”
8 여호와께서 사탄에게 이르시되, "네가 내 종 욥을 주의하여 보았느냐? 그와 같이 온전하고 정직하여 하나님을 경외하며 악에서 떠난 자는 세상에 없느니라."
9 “Does Job fear God for nothing?” Satan replied. 10 “Have you not put a hedge around him and his household and everything he has? You have blessed the work of his hands, so that his flocks and herds are spread throughout the land. 11 But now stretch out your hand and strike everything he has, and he will surely curse you to your face.”
9 사탄이 여호와께 대답하여 이르되, "욥이 어찌 까닭 없이 하나님을 경외하-리이까? 10 주께서 그와 그의 집과 그의 모든 소유물을 울타리로 두르심 때문이 아니-니이까? 주께서 그의 손으로 하는 바를 복되게 하사 그의 소유물이 땅에 넘치게 하셨음이-니이다. 11 이제 주의 손을 펴서 그의 모든 소유물을 치-소서. 그리하시면 틀림없이 주를 향하여 욕하지 않-겠-나이까?"
12 The Lord said to Satan, “Very well, then, everything he has is in your power, but on the man himself do not lay a finger.” Then Satan went out from the presence of the Lord.
12 여호와께서 사탄에게 이르시되, "내가 그의 소유물을 다 네 손에 맡기노라. 다만 그의 몸에는 네 손을 대지 말지니라" 사탄이 곧 여호와 앞에서 물러가니라
23 aprile 2014
I've gotten some help from my language partner on this verse:
태초에 말씀이 계시니라 이 말씀이 하나님과 함께 계셨으니 이 말씀은 곧 하나님이시니라 (John 1:1)
이라 = 이다 "to be"
계시니라 = 계시다 = honorific form of 있다 "to exist"
계셨으니 = past tense conjugation of 계시니라. "으니" follows the past tense suffix
이시니라 = honorific form of 이라
Also,
가라사대 = 말씀하시되 which is more formal than 가로되 "said"
하더라 = 했다 (I suppose that "으니" doesn't need to follow the past tense suffix here, as this verb lacks the honorific infix of "셨")
불쌍히 여기소서 "have mercy on me", where 소서 is a very formal way to request something. Sometimes this has (옵) in front of it, like this: 보옵소서
There, I've just posted the most complete tutorial of 하소서체 verb endings that I believe exists on the internet. If someone has a correction to any of this, or something to add, please add a comment!
22 aprile 2014
The reason you have problem finding the sites would be that we don't usually use that kind of form everyday conversation. You can only see the ~하소서 (to request something), ~이시니(to be) expression in the Korean version bible or drama ( or plays). If you can understand this article, it might help. http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=694904&cid=432&categoryId=432
22 aprile 2014
Those sites don't appear to have any 하소서체 endings in them. Are there any other sites that might have them? I've been googling myself silly and can't find much at all on this. Thanks!
21 aprile 2014
Mostra altro
Non hai ancora trovato le tue risposte?
Scrivi le tue domande e lascia che i madrelingua ti aiutino!
Dylan
Competenze linguistiche
Arabo, Cinese (mandarino), Inglese, Francese, Coreano, Persiano (farsi), Spagnolo, Turco
Lingua di apprendimento
Arabo, Cinese (mandarino), Coreano
Altri articoli che potrebbero piacerti

How to Ask for a Raise or Promotion in English
9 consensi · 8 Commenti

The Key to Learning a Language Faster
30 consensi · 8 Commenti

Why "General English" is Failing Your Career (An Engineer’s Perspective)
30 consensi · 12 Commenti
Altri articoli
