Беспорядки means disorders,, вина means different kinds of wine, глупости, масла - different kinds of oil, , морозы, опыты - chemical experiments, соли - also chemical , знания, бумаги means documents ,процессы, снега, радости, холода, шумы - usually it means bad connection, radio, tv etc, красоты ( usually for nature красоты природы), полотна, инициативы, договорённости, закаты

(complementing Elena's and eventual other's answers) "Мороз" is tricky, the difference is very subtle. The singular means "(a state of) freezing cold", like "был сильный мороз" = "it was freezing cold". The plural roughly means "(recurring) periods of the freezing cold weather", but these periods don't have to be separated by warmer periods. One might say "сегодня на улице мороз" ("it's freezing (outside) today") but not *"сегодня на улице морозы". On the other hand "весь февраль стояли лютые морозы" means "it was terribly freezing the whole month of Februrary" (as if each day's freezing weather counts as a separate "мороз"). Unlike many other plurals you can't put a number on "морозы" though. You can't say *"Даже в апреле случилось ещё четыре мороза". In fact several of the listed words are uncountable like that. You can have "беспорядки в США" ("riots in the US") but wouldn't say *"Четыре беспорядка за последнюю неделю" ("four riots in the last week", which is legit English). Some of them can be counted: "три вина" (colloquial for "three units of wine", especially when you've started already and can't be bothered to specify the units), "три соли" (like when an acid produces three different salts), "два процесса" (as in "в организме происходят одновременно два процесса" - "two processes are happening at the same time in the organism"), "четыре полотна" ("four canvases", meaning four paintings), ... Some of these examples feel somewhat forced / liberally colloquial though.

Значение во множественном числе иногда отличается от значения в единственном. Эта информация есть в любом приличном словаре. Например, https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA

Беспорядки means disorders,, вина means different kinds of wine, глупости, масла - different kinds of oil, , морозы, опыты - chemical experiments, соли - also chemical , знания, бумаги means documents ,процессы, снега, радости, холода, шумы - usually it means bad connection, radio, tv etc, красоты ( usually for nature красоты природы), полотна, инициативы, договорённости, закаты