2 questions:
Overall, the drug did work better than the placebo. But the placebo worked, too—both when the patients were told it was a placebo, and even better when the doctors told them that they were getting the drug. That is, when the docs set their expectations high.
Meanwhile, the actual drug was least effective when the patients thought it was a placebo. The study is in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
The physician’s input thus plays a role in how migraine patients fare. Tell them they’re getting a good treatment, and they’re apparently more likely to respond.
1. " the actual drug was least effective when..." Why there is no "the" between "was" and "least"?
2. What does "fare" mean here?The messages doctors give can influence some treatments’ effectiveness. For example, it seems that information from a doctor affects outcomes for migraine sufferers—whether they got a real drug or a placebo.
Researchers studied 66 people with recurring migraines over the course of seven attacks.
During the first headache, the patients received no treatment. For the next six, they were given either a placebo or a drug. Each time, regardless of which they got, some were told it was the drug, some were told it was the placebo, and the rest were informed that it could be either the drug or the placebo.
Overall, the drug did work better than the placebo. But the placebo worked, too—both when the patients were told it was a placebo, and even better when the doctors told them that they were getting the drug. That is, when the docs set their expectations high.
Meanwhile, the actual drug was least effective when the patients thought it was a placebo. The study is in the journal Science Translational Medicine. [Slavenka Kam-Hansen et al, Altered Placebo and Drug Labeling Changes the Outcome of Episodic Migraine Attacks]
The physician’s input thus plays a role in how migraine patients fare. Tell them they’re getting a good treatment, and they’re apparently more likely to respond.
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Risposte · 5
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Look up definition 4 of "fare" here: http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/fare Another close synonym in this context could be "progress". This may help you get the sense of it here.
"the least effective" is a noun phrase e.g. There were 10 drugs. Drug number 3 was the least effective (one) of them all
"least effective" is an adjective phrase. We are not comparing one drug with a group of other drugs (like in my example above). We are comparing different situations when the same drug was used. e.g. There were 3 situations. In situation 1, the drug was most effective. In situation 3, the drug was least effective. In situation 2, the drug was moderately effective.
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1. " the actual drug was least effective when..." Why there is no "the" between "was" and "least"?
In this case, the "the" is usually implied. You can put a "the" between "was" and "least" and it won't be incorrect, but it isn't necessary. You *would* see a "the" between those words if you were making a simple statement that the actual drug was less effective as compared to other drugs, i.e. "The drug was the least effective of all therapies examined in the study."
2. What does "fare" mean here?
"Fare" in this context means how the patient will do (or progress) over time. It's almost a synonym for "prognosis". I.e.:
Diabetic patients who don't take their medications generally do not fare well over time. =
Diabetic patients who don't take their medicines generally have a poor prognosis.
Diabetic patients who consistently take their medications fare better over time than patients who do not. =
Diabetic patients who consistently take their medications have a better prognosis than patients who do not.
I hope this helps!
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