Could some English speakers tell me the way you ask questions that are expressed in Chinese as
怎样用英语问第几的问题？Could some English speakers tell me the way you ask questions that are expressed in Chinese as
(1) 1 丽丽是第几个做出这道题的同学？
(2) 8是2的几次方?
3）这是今年的第几号台风？
(4) 这是今年发出的第一百几十几批货？

Question

Could some English speakers tell me the way you ask questions that are expressed in Chinese as
怎样用英语问第几的问题？Could some English speakers tell me the way you ask questions that are expressed in Chinese as 
(1) 1 丽丽是第几个做出这道题的同学？
(2)  8是2的几次方?
3） 这是今年的第几号台风？
(4)  这是今年发出的第一百几十几批货？

Answer

1. How many have solved this problem before Lili did?
2. 8 is two times what?
3. How many typhoons have there been this year before this one?
4. What batch number is this for this year?

There doesn't appear to be any rule for translating such questions. You'll have to take them one at a time. #1 and #3 seem to show a pattern though.