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case system: beginners, intermediate

If you learned Latin, then you know what a case system is. There are two cases of nouns in English: Nominative and Genitive. In Russian there are 6 cases. 

I find it the most difficult part of Russian grammar as it has no equivalents in English and I must admit it is quite difficult to lear.

But if there is a will... lets start:

 

I believe you are already familiar with the Nominative case in Russian:

Именительныи падеж [Imenitel'nyi padezh] (Nominative case)

The subject of the sentense usually is in Nominative case (if its a noun, of course)

Ex., Мальчик пошел в школу.  "Мальчик" is in the Nominative case. In the dictionary the nouns are given in the Nominative case.

 

Russian tenses

 

 

 

<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 595pt;" width="793" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><colgroup><col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3424; width: 80pt;" width="107" /> <col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3456; width: 81pt;" width="108" /> <col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3136; width: 74pt;" width="98" /> <col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3712; width: 87pt;" width="116" /> <col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3456; width: 81pt;" width="108" /> <col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 4128; width: 97pt;" width="129" /> <col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 4064; width: 95pt;" width="127" /> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr style="height: 21.0pt;"> <td class="xl83" style="height: 21.0pt; width: 80pt;" width="107" height="28"><a name="RANGE!A1:G7"></a> </td> <td class="xl83" style="border-left: none; width: 155pt;" colspan="2" width="206">

Present

</td> <td class="xl83" style="border-left: none; width: 168pt;" colspan="2" width="224">Past</td> <td class="xl83" style="border-left: none; width: 192pt;" colspan="2" width="256">Future</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl84" style="border-bottom: 1.0pt solid black; height: 45.0pt; border-top: none; width: 80pt;" rowspan="3" width="107" height="60">Simple</td> <td class="xl85" style="border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108">I write</td> <td class="xl68" style="border-top: none; width: 74pt;" width="98"> Я пишу</td> <td class="xl85" style="border-top: none; width: 87pt;" width="116">I wrote</td> <td class="xl69" style="border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108">Я написал</td> <td class="xl85" style="border-top: none; width: 97pt;" width="129">I will write</td> <td class="xl70" style="border-top: none; width: 95pt;" width="127">Я напишу</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl87" style="height: 15.0pt; width: 81pt;" width="108" height="20">We write </td> <td class="xl71" style="width: 74pt;" width="98">Мы пишем</td> <td class="xl87" style="width: 87pt;" width="116">We wrote</td> <td class="xl72" style="width: 81pt;" width="108">Мы написали</td> <td class="xl87" style="width: 97pt;" width="129">We will write</td> <td class="xl73" style="width: 95pt;" width="127">Мы напишем</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl89" style="height: 15.0pt; width: 81pt;" width="108" height="20">She writes</td> <td class="xl74" style="width: 74pt;" width="98">Она пишет</td> <td class="xl89" style="width: 87pt;" width="116">She wrote</td> <td class="xl75" style="width: 81pt;" width="108">Она написала</td> <td class="xl89" style="width: 97pt;" width="129">She will write</td> <td class="xl76" style="width: 95pt;" width="127">Она напишет</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl83" style="height: 45.0pt; border-top: none; width: 80pt;" rowspan="3" width="107" height="60">Continuous (Progressive)</td> <td class="xl90" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 81pt;" width="108">I am writing</td> <td class="xl68" style="border-top: none; width: 74pt;" width="98">Я пишу</td> <td class="xl85" style="border-top: none; width: 87pt;" width="116">I was writing</td> <td class="xl77" style="border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108">Я писал</td> <td class="xl85" style="border-top: none; width: 97pt;" width="129">I will be writing</td> <td class="xl78" style="border-top: none; width: 95pt;" width="127">Я буду писать</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl91" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 81pt;" width="108" height="20">We are writing</td> <td class="xl71" style="width: 74pt;" width="98">Мы пишем</td> <td class="xl87" style="width: 87pt;" width="116">We were writing</td> <td class="xl79" style="width: 81pt;" width="108">Мы писали</td> <td class="xl87" style="width: 97pt;" width="129">We will be writing</td> <td class="xl80" style="width: 95pt;" width="127">Мы будем писать</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl92" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 81pt;" width="108" height="20">She is writing</td> <td class="xl74" style="width: 74pt;" width="98">Она пишет</td> <td class="xl89" style="width: 87pt;" width="116">She was writing</td> <td class="xl81" style="width: 81pt;" width="108">Она писала</td> <td class="xl89" style="width: 97pt;" width="129">She will be writing</td> <td class="xl82" style="width: 95pt;" width="127">Она будет писать</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

comparison of English and Russian tenses

 

 

 

<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 749pt;" width="1000" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><colgroup><col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 3328; width: 78pt;" width="104" /> <col style="width: 110pt;" span="4" width="147" /> <col style="mso-width-source: userset; mso-width-alt: 5152; width: 121pt;" width="161" /> <col style="width: 110pt;" width="147" /> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr style="height: 21.0pt;"> <td class="xl65" style="height: 21.0pt; width: 78pt;" width="104" height="28"><a name="RANGE!A1:G13"></a> </td> <td class="xl65" style="border-left: none; width: 220pt;" colspan="2" width="294">Present</td> <td class="xl69" style="width: 220pt;" colspan="2" width="294">Past</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-left: none; width: 231pt;" colspan="2" width="308">Future</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl77" style="border-bottom: 1.0pt solid black; height: 45.0pt; border-top: none; width: 78pt;" rowspan="3" width="104" height="60">Simple</td> <td class="xl80" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">I write</td> <td class="xl86" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147"> Я пишу</td> <td class="xl80" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">I wrote</td> <td class="xl89" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я написал</td> <td class="xl71" style="border-top: none; width: 121pt;" width="161">I will write</td> <td class="xl72" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я напишу</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl82" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147" height="20">We write </td> <td class="xl87" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы пишем</td> <td class="xl82" style="border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">We wrote</td> <td class="xl90" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы написали</td> <td class="xl73" style="width: 121pt;" width="161">We will write</td> <td class="xl74" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы напишем</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl84" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147" height="20">She writes</td> <td class="xl88" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она пишет</td> <td class="xl84" style="border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">She wrote</td> <td class="xl91" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она написала</td> <td class="xl75" style="width: 121pt;" width="161">She will write</td> <td class="xl76" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она напишет</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl70" style="height: 45.0pt; border-top: none; width: 78pt;" rowspan="3" width="104" height="60">Continuous (Progressive)</td> <td class="xl80" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">I am writing</td> <td class="xl86" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я пишу</td> <td class="xl80" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">I was writing</td> <td class="xl92" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я писал</td> <td class="xl71" style="border-top: none; width: 121pt;" width="161">I will be writing</td> <td class="xl81" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я буду писать</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl82" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147" height="20">We are writing</td> <td class="xl87" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы пишем</td> <td class="xl82" style="border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">We were writing</td> <td class="xl93" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы писали</td> <td class="xl73" style="width: 121pt;" width="161">We will be writing</td> <td class="xl83" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы будем писать</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl84" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147" height="20">She is writing</td> <td class="xl88" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она пишет</td> <td class="xl84" style="border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">She was writing</td> <td class="xl94" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она писала</td> <td class="xl75" style="width: 121pt;" width="161">She will be writing</td> <td class="xl85" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она будет писать</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl70" style="height: 45.0pt; border-top: none; width: 78pt;" rowspan="3" width="104" height="60">Perfect</td> <td class="xl80" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">I have written</td> <td class="xl89" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я написал</td> <td class="xl80" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">I had written</td> <td class="xl89" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я написал</td> <td class="xl71" style="border-top: none; width: 121pt;" width="161">I will have written</td> <td class="xl72" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я напишу</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl82" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147" height="20">We have written</td> <td class="xl90" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы написали</td> <td class="xl82" style="border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">We have written</td> <td class="xl90" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы написали</td> <td class="xl73" style="width: 121pt;" width="161">We will have written</td> <td class="xl74" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы напишем</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl84" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147" height="20">She has written</td> <td class="xl91" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она написала</td> <td class="xl84" style="border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">She has written</td> <td class="xl91" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она написала</td> <td class="xl75" style="width: 121pt;" width="161">She will have written</td> <td class="xl76" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она напишет</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl70" style="height: 45.0pt; border-top: none; width: 78pt;" rowspan="3" width="104" height="60">Perfect Continuous</td> <td class="xl80" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">I have been writing</td> <td class="xl86" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я писал</td> <td class="xl80" style="border-top: none; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">I had been writing</td> <td class="xl92" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я писал</td> <td class="xl71" style="border-top: none; width: 121pt;" width="161">I will have been writing</td> <td class="xl81" style="border-top: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">Я буду писать</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl82" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147" height="20">We have been writing</td> <td class="xl87" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы писали</td> <td class="xl82" style="border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">We had been writing</td> <td class="xl93" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы писали</td> <td class="xl73" style="width: 121pt;" width="161">We will have been writing</td> <td class="xl83" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Мы будем писать</td> </tr> <tr style="mso-height-source: userset; height: 15.0pt;"> <td class="xl84" style="height: 15.0pt; border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147" height="20">She has been writing</td> <td class="xl88" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она писала</td> <td class="xl84" style="border-left: none; width: 110pt;" width="147">She had been writing</td> <td class="xl94" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она писала</td> <td class="xl75" style="width: 121pt;" width="161">She will have been writing</td> <td class="xl85" style="width: 110pt;" width="147">Она будет писать</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

Романтика.... Стишок, которыи я написала 11 лет назад: Золотая луна на черном бархате небес, Будто счастлива она и всех прекраснее невест. А эти маленькие звезды похожи на крупинки снега Они навечно там застыли, глядят на нас с тоскою с неба. Как жаль, что скоро утро и скоро наше расставанье, Как жаль, что так не долго длилось наше последнее свиданье...

It is all about him My dreams, my tears My smile, my laugh My thoughts, my mood Which make me tough My hurt, my pain That make me scream And each of all my words They all about him, it's all about him

Directions on learning Russian: all levels

Sometimes when you start learning a language you do not know what to do further in order to improve it, especially when you do not have any books and learning it on different websites. Websites mey not have enough information or it might be not very clear or lack examples.

I will try to give some guidelines here for different levels:

 

Beginners:

alphabet, phonetic rules, learning to read words, writing,

learning: basic expressions(hi, how are you, I am ok etc),

<em>grammar </em>- present tense (learn verbs, how to conjugate them in the present tense)

nouns - gender, expression noun+verb(according to gender), adjective+noun(endings peculiar for each gender)

Learning new word is essential for any level, especially for beginners and internediate.