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What Does “Koszulka” Mean in Polish? The word “koszulka” in Polish has several meanings, depending on context. It’s most often used to describe clothing, but it can also refer to sportswear or office supplies. 1. Clothing Primarily, koszulka means a light shirt, such as a T-shirt, tank top, or undershirt. Example: Lubię nosić bawełnianą koszulkę. (I like wearing a cotton T-shirt.) 2. Sports In sports, koszulka refers to a jersey or team shirt. Example: Zawodnik ma koszulkę z numerem 10. (The player is wearing a jersey with number 10.) 3. Office Use It can also mean a plastic document sleeve, used to protect papers. Example: Włóż dokument do koszulki. (Put the document into a sleeve.) Summary Koszulka is a flexible word in Polish, used for shirts, sports jerseys, and even office supplies.
20 de jul de 2025 21:02
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Polish Word of the Day: "wolny" The adjective "wolny" in Polish has several meanings depending on the context. It’s a great example of how one word can shift meaning quite a lot — from free to slow to single. Here's a breakdown: 1. Free (in the sense of freedom) Used to describe liberty or independence. Polska jest wolnym krajem. – Poland is a free country. Chcę być wolny! – I want to be free! 2. Available / Not occupied Common in everyday situations — cafés, transport, planning events. To miejsce jest wolne. – This seat is free. Masz wolny czas jutro? – Do you have free time tomorrow? 3. Slow "Wolny" can also mean slow. The adverb form is "wolno". On jest wolnym biegaczem. – He is a slow runner. Samochód jedzie wolno. – The car is moving slowly. 4. Single / Not in a relationship When talking about relationship status, "wolny" (for men) or "wolna" (for women) is used. Jesteś wolny, czy masz dziewczynę? – Are you single or do you have a girlfriend? Jesteś wolna, czy masz chłopaka? – Are you single or do you have a boyfriend? Note: "Jesteś wolny/wolna?" can also mean “Are you free?”, so context matters. Bonus: Related words wolność – freedom uwolnić – to free / to release zwolnić – to slow down or to fire someone spowolnić – to slow something down wolno – slowly or "it is allowed" Examples: Wolno palić? – Is smoking allowed? Idzie wolno. – He walks slowly. In summary: "Wolny" is a versatile word that pops up in many situations in Polish. Always pay attention to the context
20 de jul de 2025 20:59
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Let's work in Japanese!(日本語を使って、働こう) B1:中級~C1:上級/JLPT N3~N1 (Level: B1: Intermediate ~ C1: Advanced / JLPT N3~N1) Title: The Role and Absolute NO-GO Rules of "Otsukaresama Desu" in Japanese Business Culture エピソードの概要:Episode Summary 日本の職場で毎日使う「お疲れ様です」。 意外と奥が深いあいさつ。今回のエピソードでは、ビジネス日本語教師Mayukoが、この言葉が持つ真の意味と、あなたが職場で信頼を失わないための大切なルールを解説します。 "Otsukaresama Desu," an expression used daily in Japanese workplaces, is surprisingly profound. In this episode, business Japanese teacher Mayuko explains the true meaning of this phrase and the crucial rules you must follow to maintain trust in your workplace. 【クイズ】 Q. 日本の職場で、相手が疲れていないときに「お疲れ様です」というのは失礼ですか? A. はい、失礼です。/ いいえ、失礼ではありません。 【Quiz】 Q. Is it impolite to say "Otsukaresama Desu" to someone in a Japanese workplace even if they are not tired? A. Yes, it is impolite. / No, it is not impolite. このあいさつが単なる“ねぎらい”ではなく、チームの一員としての貢献をお互いに認め合うためのポジティブなコミュニケーションツールであることを解き明かします。I will unveil how this greeting is not just a mere "acknowledgement of fatigue" (ねぎらい), but a positive communication tool for mutually recognizing one another's contributions as part of a team. Understanding how and when to use this greeting will allow you to use "Otsukaresama desu" actively. ※ねぎらい=相手の労力に感謝すること ✅ 切り替えルール:「おはようございます」から「お疲れ様です」に変わる、多くの会社での時間的なデッドライン(午前11時頃) ✅ Switching Rule: Explanation of the typical time deadline (around 11:00 AM) when the greeting changes from "Ohayou Gozaimasu" to "Otsukaresama desu" in many companies. ✅ 絶対NG:目上の人には絶対に使ってはいけない要注意フレーズ「ご苦労様です」のルーツと理由。 ✅ Absolute NO-GO: The roots and reasons behind the phrase "Gokurou-sama desu," which must never be used for superiors. ✅ 社外ルール:取引先やお客様など、社外の人には何を使うのが正解か? ✅ External Rule: What is the correct phrase to use for external parties such as business partners or clients? あいさつの使い方で、あなたの協調性や信頼度は大きく変わります。 「お疲れ様です」を適切に使い、日本のビジネス文化に根付くコミュニケーションをマスターしましょう! The way you use greetings can significantly impact your sense of teamwork and credibility♪
「お疲れ様です」の役割とNGルールを徹底解説
28 de out de 2025 14:20
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🇷🇸 The Serbian Language and Its Two Alphabets: Cyrillic and Latin One of the most unique features of the Serbian language is that it uses two alphabets: Cyrillic and Latin. This isn’t just a quirk, it reflects centuries of history, culture, and identity. Cyrillic has been used in the region since the early Middle Ages and is closely tied to traditional ways of writing and national heritage. Latin script came later, during the 19th and 20th centuries, influenced by contact with Western Europe and processes of modernization. Today, both alphabets are used equally, Cyrillic is the official state script, while Latin is common in media, on the internet, and in everyday life. This makes Serbian unique because it can be read and written in two different ways, both fully accepted and understood. For example, the word “Љубав” and “Ljubav” mean the same thing - love, but are written in two different alphabets. This dual system offers a rich variety in literature, media, and daily use, connecting different aspects of culture and tradition. Learning Serbian means diving into this special mix of tradition and modern life, plus experiencing rich Balkan culture, from music and food to customs and warm hospitality. What’s your favorite Serbian word or phrase so far? Share it below!👇
20 de jul de 2025 14:06
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