Malayalam has no word for in, to, from or with. It attaches the meaning to the end of the noun. This is the full case-system class in three parts. You see one noun, വീട്, take on five jobs with no prepositions, then each ending in turn: the dative for where things land, the object marker and the ladder of aliveness (why ammaye but never chaayaye), the sociative for talking with someone, the three layers of having, plus from, by means of, for the sake of, and because of. Part three shows how changing the subject's case forces the verb to change, gives five rules for joining endings to nouns, and compares Finnish, Spanish, Hindi and Tamil. Words and phrases in this class: ഞാൻ അമ്മയെ വിളിച്ചു (njaan ammaye vilichu) – I called Mother ഞാൻ ചായ കുടിച്ചു (njaan chaaya kudichu) – I drank tea വീട്ടിലേക്ക് (veettilekku) – to the house എനിക്ക് തരൂ (enikku tharoo) – give it to me അവൻ ആടിനെ കെട്ടി (avan aadine ketti) – he tied the goat എന്നോട് സംസാരിക്കൂ (ennodu samsaarikkoo) – talk to me ആരോടും പറയല്ലേ (aarodum parayalle) – don't tell anyone എന്റെ കയ്യിൽ പൈസ ഉണ്ട് (ente kayyil paisa undu) – I have money on me അവളിൽ ധൈര്യം ഉണ്ട് (avalil dhairyam undu) – there is courage in her അവൻ മരത്തിൽ നിന്ന് വീണു (avan marathil ninnu veenu) – he fell from the tree ഞാൻ നിനക്ക് വേണ്ടി കാത്തിരുന്നു (njaan ninakku vendi kaathirunnu) – I waited for you മഴ കാരണം സ്കൂൾ ഇല്ലായിരുന്നു (mazha kaaranam school illaayirunnu) – there was no school because of the rain നിനക്ക് പോകാം (ninakku pokaam) – you may go In this class: • One noun in five forms, and the dative that marks where things land • The object marker and the ladder of aliveness • The sociative, three layers of having, from, by means of, for the sake of, because of • How case forces the verb to change, the five joining rules, and parallels worldwide Quizzes below. Dr. Reshmi R Nair — SpeakMalayalam.