You know ആണ് (aanu) = is and ഉണ്ട് (undu) = there is, has, from Episode 17. But real conversation flips them fast: was it, wasn't it, will it be, won't it. English speakers freeze, or they mix the two families and say അത് എന്റെ ബാഗ് ഇല്ല (athu ente baagu illa) for "that isn't my bag". In this episode: • The aanu row: what something is • Aanu in the past and future • The undu row: what exists, where and who has • Answering questions and tags • Language bridge • Practice • Self-check questions with answers Key phrases from this episode: ആണ് (aanu) = is അല്ല (alla) = is not ആണോ? (aano?) = is it? അല്ലേ? (alle?) = isn't it? അത് എന്റെ ബാഗ് ആണ് (athu ente baagu aanu) = that's my bag അത് എന്റെ ബാഗ് അല്ല (athu ente baagu alla) = that's not my bag അത് നിന്റെ ബാഗ് ആണോ? (athu ninte baagu aano?) = is that your bag? അത് നിന്റെ ബാഗ് അല്ലേ? (athu ninte baagu alle?) = that's your bag, isn't it? ആയിരുന്നു (aayirunnu) = was ആയിരുന്നില്ല (aayirunnilla) = was not ആയിരുന്നോ? (aayirunno?) = was it? ആയിരുന്നില്ലേ? (aayirunnille?) = wasn't it? അത് അമ്മ ആയിരുന്നോ? (athu amma aayirunno?) = was that Amma? ഇന്നലെ അവധി ആയിരുന്നില്ലേ? (innale avadhi aayirunnille?) = wasn't yesterday a holiday? ആകും (aakum) = will be ആകില്ല (aakilla) = won't be ആകുമോ? (aakumo?) = will it be? ആകില്ലേ? (aakille?) = won't it be? അത് ശരിയാകും (athu sheriyaakum) = it'll be fine, it'll work out അത് ശരിയാകില്ല (athu sheriyaakilla) = that won't work അത് ശരിയാകുമോ? (athu sheriyaakumo?) = will that work? ഉണ്ട് (undu) = there is, has ഇല്ല (illa) = there isn't ഉണ്ടോ? (undo?) = is there? Learn Spoken Malayalam at Home: a complete course in everyday spoken Malayalam for English speakers. Native Malayalam pronunciation, every phrase in Malayalam script, Manglish and English, plus a language bridge comparing Malayalam with other world languages. Listen, repeat out loud, then take the 52-question quiz. Audio voiced with AI from an original script by Dr. Rashmi R Nair.