No, they don't have the same meaning. I like explaining with examples so that's what I will do: "Jag gick hem från festen." I walked home from the party. "Jag åkte cykel hem från festen." I rode my bicycle home from the party. So if you have travelled somewhere using only your legs (as in walking) you use "gick". But if you have used some kind of transportation (car, bus, bicycle, train etc.) you use "åkte".