a gale = a very strong wind. Not quite a hurricane but still very strong/forceful. a storm = may include rain, thunder and lightning, hail, sleet, snow or wind - or a combination of them. Did you hear the storm last night? I think there were gale-force winds! Yes! The thunder was very loud but the gale almost blew my car off the road!

A Gale is a strong wind. No rain necessary. They are often on the water front where there is nothing to slow down the wind. There may be a storm with the wind. Not necessary though. A storm should have much rain, possibly lightning - possibly a gale or less amounts of wind. These two conditions can come together- they can be alone.