1. Todavia ES pronto. 2. Hoy ES martes ,8 de enero. 3. Hoy ESTAMOS a martes ,8 de enero. 4. Ellos ESTAN en la discoteca , pues hoy ES fiesta. 5. Ahora ES invierno. 6. Ahora ESTAMOS en invierno. por favor explicame , estoy muy confundido! Detalles adicionales: estos zapatos SON muy comodos , pero ya ESTAN muy viejos. Si estás hablando de una cualidad o característica propia del elemento en cuestión usa SER. Si es un momento o una cualidad temporal usa ESTAR. Quizás esta idea te sirva para diferenciar el uso de SER y ESTAR.

Hi MR, this is a complicated question, but I'll give you a little overview. Ser is used to identify people and things with inherent qualities: Yo soy cubano. El mundo es redondo. Juan es prieto. These are inherent qualities because they don't change: I can't change my nationality, the world will always be round, and Juan is naturally brown-skinned. Professions can change, but we still use SER: El es maestro, ella es ballerina. [notice that we don't say "un maestro" or "una ballerina" in this case. ESTAR on the other hand, is used to refer to temporary conditions and can be thought of as "has come to be and now is..." For instance, above I said Juan es prieto, which describes an inherent quality of Juan. However, if Juan was light-skinned and spent the day in the sun, I could remark Juan está prieto, which means that Juan is dark-skinned NOW = has become dark-skinned from sitting in the sun. Similarly, ESTAR is used when you speak of the different stages of a process. For instance, referring to a little girl, you can say: Claudia está tan linda! because Claudia, as a child, is in the process of growing and you think that at this point in her life, she has become or is becoming such a pretty girl. Similarly you could say: Mis clases de inglés están un poco difíciles, if they're becoming more complicated as the year progresses. When speaking about a sick person, you would naturally say "está major/peor" since you're reporting on their progress. When talking about being in a place, you use ESTAR when it's temporary (which is the case most of the time): Estoy en Londres. Mi hermano está en la biblioteca estudiando. But we also use it for the location of things that are fixed: El árbol está en el jardín. When speaking about the location or time of an event, you use SER: La fiesta es en mi casa. La recepción es a las ocho. Finally, ESTAR is used idiomatically when you don't wish to speak for everyone. For example, if you tasted a cake at a dinner party, you would say: Está delicioso, because if you said: Es delicioso, this would be identifying the cake as delicious for everyone, rather than making a personal statement about your own impression of the cake. Remember, that SER is used to identify things with inherent qualities. By the same token, if the hostess at your dinner party announced that you would be having chocolate mousse for dessert, you could say: El mousse es delicioso, because now you're talking about a type of dessert and not the actual dessert they put in front of you. I hope this isn't too confusing. You should go through your sentences above and decide which of these explanation suits the example in question. I can help if you have any questions. Good luck, Uly

1. Todavia .............. pronto. (SER - es) Use SER for time. 2. Hoy ......... martes ,8 de enero. (SER - es) Use SER for date. 3. Ellos ......... en la discoteca (ESTAR - están) Use ESTAR for location. 4. pues hoy ............ fiesta. (SER - es) Use SER for special events. 5. Ahora .............. invierno. (SER - es) Use SER for seasons. 7. estos zapatos .............. muy comodos. (SER - son) Use SER for physical descriptions. 8. pero ya .................... muy viejos. (SER - son) Use SER for physical descriptions. Espero que este te ayude! :)

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