I believe it means different things in each case, although only the first one is commonly used in Britain, the others I think are American. The first is to do with the "turn of events" (the way things happened). If you say "it turned out well" you mean that things occurred as you'd hoped. Turnout is a noun made from this idea. The others are to do with something being at a different angle from everything else. A turnout in a road is presumably where a branch of the road branches outwards. In Britain we have a "turn off" (a junction) which is the same idea, it describes what the car does when it takes this road.