It means letting you know when you are doing something wrong. Like keeping you honest. Another way to say it is "Calling me on the carpet"

it means someone will be honest with that person when he or she is wrong. Or someone who is not afraid to disagree with him or her. They don't want someone who accepts everything that they say or do. a very informal way would be "call me on my shit" or "call me out."

I guess it must be American slang. I've never heard that before.