Well, some of these are new to me, but I can guess at what they mean. Whore=streetwalker are women who are making a living at it. Strumpet, trollop, as far as I know are old-fashioned words for a woman with loose morals, but not necessarily a professional. Broad is just a disrespectful word for a woman. It's not necessarily too bad of a word. It's pretty mild compared to the rest of your list. Slag I don't know. I can't say I've heard the last one.

They are all offensive slang words invented by men about women whom they perceive to be worthless and without shame or morals. I believe that the Russians use similar names.