Som (সোম)
English - a Kedgeree?
All languages have loanwords, but English perhaps takes the cake on that score. Here I'm not even referring to the huge number of words of Latin / Norman French / Greek / Scandinavian / Viking origin that are built into the very fabric of the language but others - in particular, Indian words from Hindi and even Tamil. Some examples:

Education / knowledge:

<ol><li>A <em>gurū</em> is a mentor-teacher plus surrogate parent. The term originates from the ancient tradition of the <em>ṝshi </em>(brahmin hermit saints) to whose hermitage (<em>āśram</em>) young brahmin novitiates used to be sent for several years to learn Sanskrit, scriptures, philosophy and mathematics. Those trained by a particular <em>gurū </em>were said to belong to that<em> gurukula </em>- school of learning<em>.</em> In English it means a teacher or mentor.</li><li>A <em>panḍit</em> (pundit) is originally a brahmin scholar well versed in Sanskrit, scriptures and philosophy. In English, it simply means an erudite or learned person in some discipline.</li></ol>

Home:

<ol><li>A <em>verānḍā </em>is a covered porch (patio, terrace), typically part enclosed on the front and sides by a railing.</li><li>An <em>almirāh</em> (<em>almārī,</em> Spanish <em>armario</em>) is a cabinet or case - bookcase, filing cabinet, clothes cabinet et al.</li><li>A bungalow (<em>banglā</em>) is a typically single storied ranch style home on a generous patch of real estate.</li></ol>

Food:

<ol><li><em>Kedgeree</em> (<em>khichḍī), </em>the word in the title. This is originally a dish of mixed rice, lentils and vegetables. It's colloquially used for anything which is very mixed up.</li><li><em>Pilaf</em> (<em>pulāo), </em>a fragrant rice dish that can include anything from meat, vegetables, cottage cheese and / or dried fruit and nuts. It's completely distinct from either<em> khichḍī </em>or<em> biryānī.</em></li><li>Mulligatawny (Tamil <em>milāgutaṇṇī </em>or more commonly <em>milāgu rasam), </em>a thin spicy piquant hot soup with vegetables and spices including but not limited to pepper, chili, fenugreek, asafoetida and tamarind.</li></ol>

I suppose that gives the general idea so I shall not include more, even though this leaves out the many French, German, Spanish, Arabic and other loanwords. So what is your <em>Weltanschauung</em>?
2019年9月16日 04:58
评论 · 2
1
Hi Som,
The meanings of loanwords adapt to whatever the new language’s speakers need, of course, In my own experience of English, <em>pundit </em>collocates very strongly with <em>political, </em>and is essentially defined as an opinionated analyst. <em>Guru, </em>meanwhile, is strongly associated with what Westerners would call “New Age” or non-traditional spirituality.
2019年9月16日
Yes, Irene. Those are the new age interpretations, I've just given the original generic ones. They change with the times. I would just refer to the words <em>gay</em> and <em>ass</em>, which have acquired very different meanings now compared to how we knew them. The literal pandits do tend to be very opinionated, though.
2019年9月16日