The general name for this kind of fruit is a "melon."
This particular kind of melon is a "cantaloupe."
"Cantaloupe" is pronounced "CAN-tah-lope," i.e. the u doesn't change the sound.
In the United States the three most popular kinds of melon are cantaloupes, honeydew melons (which are green inside), and watermelons (which are red inside). They are all watery and slightly sweet.