As you know, in negative sentences, "了" is not used with "没有". So you cannot say "我大学还没有毕业了". Instead, you should say "我大学还没有毕业". However, "你大学毕业了没有" is NOT a negative sentence, but a question, which is equal to "你大学毕业了吗". Here are some other examples: 你吃饭了没有? = 你吃饭了吗? 你结婚了没有? = 你结婚了吗? It should be noted that if you need to use "不" rather than "没有" to answer a question, this question must not end with "没有". e.g. 你明天来吗? You cannot say "你明天来没有?", which is grammatically incorrect. "Lastly, why does the main noun, 大学, appear after the verb, 毕业？" I think you meant to say "Lastly, why does the main noun, 大学, appear BEFORE the verb, 毕业？" There is no special reason for it. We always say "大学/中学/小学毕业" instead of "毕业大学/中学/小学".

1、The sentence means "Have you graduated from university?" 是的。是这个意思，但还有一个意思在里面："have you still leant in the school?"，可以说"没有"这个词语问的就是这个意思。 2、 Why does the sentence with a negative 没有 use 了 instead of 过？ 你的这个问题主要是问：为什么不用“过”，你大学毕业过了？这句话是不对的， 因为一个人大学毕业只有一次，所以只能用“了”，你大学毕业了吗？ 3、why does 没有 appear at the end of the sentence instead of before 毕业? 因为“没有”出现在“毕业”之前，句子意思就不同了，你大学没有毕业？ 更侧重于表达：你还在学校学习。 4、why does the main noun, 大学, appear after the verb, 毕业？ 因为“大学”做限定成分，所以放在动词毕业的前面。如果没有“大学”，句子“你毕业了没有？ ”，意思不明白，你要问小学？大学？高中？大学？研究生？硕士？ “你毕业大学了没有？”这个句子是错的。

It does not use 过 because 过 means to have experienced something. 没有 comes at the end because it is a way of forming a question. If 没有 went before 毕业, it would read 你没有毕业了大学。 This would be incorrect and would not be a question. As for your last question, read the sentence again, it says 你大学毕业了没有？大学 is before 毕业, not after it.

As far as I recall, 了 has two uses: past tense and change of state. So if, for example, you wanted to say your lamp is broken, you'd say 我的檯燈壞了; not because it was in the past, but because it was working before and its new state is "broken". Likewise, "graduated" is a state of being, therefore 了 is required.

It's hard to explain it in words.You can contact me.My major is teaching Chinese. [email protected]