What you sum up here is the German system which is used to determine whether the adjective and noun need to be declined.
In Dutch we change the adjectives and nouns according to the gender and number (single or plural) of the noun. In fact, only the noun that is neuter and uses the indefinite article differs from the rest:
de grote hond, de grote honden, een grote hond
het grote huis, de grote huizen, een GROOT huis