The past participle is the 3rd form of the verb.
Speak, spoke, spoken (past participle)
We use present perfect for experiences (I have been to Prague) and recent past.
2014年4月18日
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I rather to call it recent past instead of present perfect. All in all , it is past tense but they call it present perfect!! It confuse us (non native speakers) so much
2014年4月20日
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Recent past is only one of the reasons we use present perfect. You'll need to learn the other situations for present perfect.