Question about 'as' "This is perhaps due to the downfall of the overall stock market *as* many security issues experienced extreme volatility because of the irrational exuberance displayed in the marketplace." In this context, which number is a proper meaning of *as*? 1 while sth else is happening 2 in the way in which 3 used to state the reason for sth 4 used to make a comment or to add information about what you have just said 5 used to say that in spite of sth being true, what follows is also true Thanks for your help!