literally, 事先 means before the thing, 提前 means make it earlier.
so 事先 can only be an adverb.
e.g. 开会应事先通知。
提前 can also be a verb except for an adverb. shift to an earlier time
e.g. 运动会提前了。/ 开会日期从六月五日提前到六月一日了。
when it is used as an adverb, it has no difference from 事先。
e.g. 开会应提前通知。