I don't understand exactly what you mean. Do you mean expressions like "Tom, Dick and (or) Harry", "Heath Robinson", "Gordon Bennett", "taking the mickey"? These are all British but perhaps are not known elsewhere.

Yes, these idioms exist. Some of these we see more often: a Jack of all trades, the Midas touch, an Achillles heel, a Freudian slip, for example. Some we see less often: a peeping Tom, a Daniel, a Shylock, for example.

How about 'Keeping up with the Joneses?' Wikipedia: "Keeping up with the Joneses" is an idiom in many parts of the English-speaking world referring to the comparison to one's neighbor as a benchmark for social class or the accumulation of material goods. To fail to "keep up with the Joneses" is perceived as demonstrating socio-economic or cultural inferiority. NB 'Jones' is one of the commonest surnames in English-speaking countries, so it's used here as a general term to mean 'The people living next door'. Here's an example: 'Why is everyone having wooden decking and barbecues installed in their gardens all of a sudden? Most of them never even use their barbecues'. 'Oh, they're just keeping up with the Joneses. Once one person in the neighbourhood has something new, everybody has to have one.'