Does "she" in this sentence refer to the mother? That sounds really strange.. Thanks!
In 397/1006-07 Rostam tried with the help of his vizier to escape from the tutelage of his mother. But she escaped to the Kurdish Abū Najm Badr b. Ḥasanūya, who joined forces with Abū Ṭāher Šams-al-Dawla, who was holding Hamadān, and together they marched on Ray and put it under siege.

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Yes, it has to be -- it's the only available antecedent.

It does sound strange, doesn't it? Who is running away from whom? But I imagine the first "escape" is more a question of asserting political control in place of his mother, whereas the second is a physical break for freedom.

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It is either his mother or his vizier, if the vizier was a woman. (Rostam is a "he").

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yea! here "she" refers to his mother, cause the author has given a full stop right after mentioning about her mother.

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Considering that she's the only female character in the paragraph then I suppose it does refer to the mother. All other names sound like they belong to men.