The whole phrase is important "That's quite a .... you got there" "Wow that's some ... You got there" This a stylistic colloquial expressions . A not too common way of saying "you have something" while expressing surprise. Wow! That's some fancy coat you got there! That's quite the puzzle you got there! You could also say "you have there" at the end, but more common with 'got' i think. I say it's not too common cause we don't use this in everyday speech but some people may use it more than others.

You got there, you have there removes the ambiguity, for example. You have a refined palate. You is the subject of the verb to have and palate is the object. What is meant is very clear. That's quite a refined palate (you have there.) The emphasis is on the palate and to answer the question what palate which palate the 'one you got there'. Without the expression you got there the meaning is not clear. It depends on where you want the emphasis to be on you or on the palate.

It means "you have". In other words, "You have quite a refined palate".

"you got there" means you are holding with you for example if i say that's a beautiful necklace you got there I mean the necklace you have is beautiful and I wish to have one like it