"Bridal chamber" usually refers either literally or metaphorically to the bride and groom's bedroom after the wedding (and for a short time later) It's either literally the place where they go to sleep the night of their wedding or on their honeymoon. Or it metaphorically refers to either a physical place where they are together or a mental state where they connect. Don't try using the metaphor; stick to the literal.

A chamber is a room. From the Latin 'camera', so a Nikon/Minolta/Samsung camera is a small room which makes the photograph. A 'bridal chamber' is a bed room, for the newly-married couple, i.e. a special and big room in a hotel where couples spend the few days after their wedding.

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The word chamber came into the English language from the old French "chambre" (at the time of the 11thC Norman conquest of England) - meaning enclosed space or "room" (usually in a house). In modern French "une chambre" usually refers to a bedroom in a house.

It's a biblical/spiritual thing- specifically, the concept (sometimes described as the place instead of just a concept) where a man and a woman become one after consumating their marriage. Aka it is the idea that when a man and a woman get married, they have sex and become "one whole person"