Understand and discuss science topics with academic and technical precision.

🔭 Advanced Science Vocabulary for C1 Learners

information gained through observation or experiment

widespread agreement among scientists based on evidence

a setting where conditions are kept constant for testing

a study that collects and analyses other studies on a topic

a connection between two things, but not cause and effect

a direct link where one thing causes another

repeating a study to check if the results are the same

the group of people or things used in a study

official permission to study people or animals fairly

when people agree to take part in research with full knowledge

something that breaks down naturally in the environment

not adding extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

tools that use wind, sun, or water for energy

heat energy from under the Earth’s surface

how plants make food using sunlight and carbon dioxide

the total effect of human activity on the environment

when animals or plants lose the place where they live

the ability of a system to handle climate stress or change

changing parts of DNA to fix or improve something

the passing of traits from parents to children

a system of algorithms inspired by the human brain

unfair results caused by rules in a computer program

when computers learn from data without being programmed directly

computers that use tiny particles to process data faster

the part of physics that uses maths and ideas to explain nature

a machine that makes small particles move very fast

a kind of matter in space we can’t see but know is there

a step-by-step way to study and test ideas

based on a guess or possible idea, not yet proven

the starting idea that there is no effect or difference

a result strong enough to show a real effect

the range in which a result is likely to fall

a number that shows how spread out data is

a science magazine checked by other experts

money given to support a scientific study

a formal written article or paper about science

being trusted as accurate and well-researched

new and better tools or machines from science