English words often end in consonants, and sometimes in heavy piles of consonants: "desk", "texts", "months", "asked", "helped", "sixths". Many Indian languages prefer words that end in a vowel, or allow only simpler endings. So speakers may adjust the ends of English words in four ways: add a small vowel after the last consonant, put a vowel inside the final cluster, drop one consonant from the cluster, or, for some speakers, change the final sound from voiced to voiceless. What you will learn: • Why endings change • A small vowel after the last consonant • A vowel inside a final cluster • Dropping one consonant from a cluster • Voiced endings becoming voiceless • Endings that carry grammar • All four patterns together • Practice: decode the sentence • Listening strategies • Self-check questions to test your ear Level: B1–B2. Self-study: listen, then take the quizzes. Audio voiced with AI from an original script by Dr. Rashmi R Nair.