今期雪條和朱古力請了兩位返場嘉賓雪糕和可樂上來一起討論獨立的人格是怎樣的，社會對獨立女性的定義是不是讓我們覺得我們就應該孤獨終老？我們會不會在嘗試走向獨立的時候過分苛刻自己而變得迷失？迷失的時候我們是怎麼面對的？
Note：本期為普通話節目


夠鐘煲粥 Congee Time

EP43. 所謂獨立女性： 我們真的没必要對自己太苛刻

Host: Welcome back to the podcast everyone. Now we’re moving on to the part of the show that we call ‘Explain yourself!’. This is where our guests talk about a topic and say what they think and why. Listeners, you can tell us who was the most convincing. So we’ve got Jake with us, Jake is from New York in the United States. Then we’ve got Andrew who’s from York in the UK.

Andrew: The original York before the Americans made a worse one.

Jake: No one knows where York is, or cares.

Host: Whoa! We’ve started already. Don’t worry, Jake, Andrew’s just trying to provoke you. This could be an interesting discussion! And today’s topic is Food and Drink. Which is better: American or British?

Jake: Well, this is going to be a short discussion. It’s American food and drink. It’s definitely the most well-known food around the world. What’s the next topic?

Andrew: Just because American food is the most well-known, which it is, it doesn’t mean it’s good. I think most of it is really unhealthy. Yes, he’s definitely an American male. Do all of you just sit watching games on TV that no other countries are interested in, drinking ice cold beer-flavored water and shouting (Mimics) ‘We’re the best at everything! USA!’

Jake: Oh you’re talking to me about beer? Good luck with tempting people to come to your barbecue on a hot day with a nice glass of warm beer. Not that you have barbecues because it’s always raining. You just sit inside with your warm beer and your fish and chips feeling sad.

Andrew: (laughs) I’m not going to apologize for enjoying beer that is slightly warmer than ice. There are things that are more important than how cold it is, you know? Like, oh I don't know - taste?

Host: Beer wars! Are we going to be able to resolve this difference at all, gentlemen?

Andrew: Obviously I’m a little more favorable toward British beer, but Jake has a point about the weather. It doesn’t actually rain all the time, but it’s not usually as hot as it gets in most places in the US. 

English Conversation/Dialogue

Discussion Opinions 

Listen to episodes 1ポッドキャスト、２くるま、３すんでいるところ on Podcast or Patreon  - patreon.com/Melu1142 and listen to this episode to answer some questions regarding those three episodes. 

Thinking out loud in Japanese

クイズ１

みなさん、こんにちは。お元気ですか。今日も夏空（なつぞら）でいっぱいの東京です。もう暑（あつ）すぎて、ふつうに日常生活（にちじょうせいかつ）を送ることが大変な状況です。
朝と夕方には、蝉（せみ）の鳴き声（なきごえ）も聞こえてきます。
蝉は日本の夏の風物詩（ふうぶつし）です。蝉は、35度以上を超えると鳴かなくなります。なので、昼間は蝉の声が聞こえません。私が子どものころは、昼間も鳴いていたのですが、地球の気温が上がってしまったんですね。残念です。

ところで、みなさん、日本の野菜や果物が美味しいことをご存じですか。
今日、私が皆（みな）さんに紹介（しょうかい）したいのは、日本のトマトです。日本のトマトは、本当に美味（おい）しいです。ぜひ日本にいる皆さんは食べてくださいね。海外にいるみなさんは、日本に来た時に必（かなら）ず食べてください。
トマトは夏野菜です。一年中を通してトマトを食べることができますが、夏のトマトは格別（かくべつ）に美味しいです。
日本には約120種のトマトが栽培（さいばい）されていると言われています。日々、品種改良されたことによって、つぎつぎと新しい品種が生まれたのです。より甘く、よりおいしく、より食べやすくするために、研究されているんです。日本人は、野菜を生（なま）でたくさん食べます。私も生野菜が大好きです。今日食べたトマトは福島産でした。近くのショッピングモールで、福島応援フェアーがやっていたので、トマトと桃を買いました。美味しかった！！！　
絶品でした！！！
福島の農家さん、ごちそうさまでした。

語彙
蝉（せみ）：Cicada
風物詩（ふうぶつし）：seasonal tradition
ご存じですか：Do you know? (this is a part of KEIGO. Normal way is “知っていますか“)
格別（かくべつ）：special (ふつうとはちがって)
栽培（さいばい）：cultivation
品種改良（ひんしゅかいりょう）：cultivar improvement
日々（ひび）：on a daily basis
生（なま）：Raw
福島産（ふくしまさん）：Produced in Fukushima
ショッピングモール：shopping mall
福島応援フェアー：Fukushima support fair
絶品（ぜっぴん）：Best Products
農家（のうか）：Farmer



「のぞみ」の日記

夏のトマトは最高！

In questo breve episodio vedremo come presentarsi in italiano, di modo che risulti il più naturale possibile. Buon ascolto a tutti!

The Italian Miscellaneous Podcast for beginners

Come presentarsi in italiano: mai dire mi chiamo!!!

Full transcript: https://japanesemayuna.com/
はい、こんにちは。今回はポッドキャストのシーズン２の４回目です。大学の授業が始まりました。授業はオンラインです。日本でオンラインの授業が一般的になったのは、コロナウイルスが始まってからです。教授はまだZoomの操作に慣れていなくて、生徒の中には70代ぐらいの人もいたので、最初の授業ではトラブルがたくさん起こりました。
Hello. This is episode 4 of season 2 of my podcast. University classes have started. The classes are online. Online classes became common in Japan after the spread of the coronavirus. The professor was not yet familiar with how to work Zoom and some of the students were in their 70s, so there were a lot of technical problems in the first class.
今は仏教の歴史について勉強しています。ブッダの人生についての話です。ブッダについて書かれているインドの古い本では、正確な年号や情報がわからないため、仏教の研究は難しいそうです。インドで生まれた仏教の教えは、中国で翻訳されて、それから日本に伝わっています。そして京都や奈良にたくさんお寺が建てられました。なので、日本語にはインドから伝わった言葉が少しあります。ヨーロッパの言語とインドの言語は同じ言語から派生していますね。「派生する」とは、一つのものから生まれて、いろいろな種類に分かれることです。歴史を勉強すると、いろんな国の文化は同じルーツを持っているということがよくわかります。
Now I am studying about the history of Buddhism. It is about the life of Buddha. It is said that it is difficult to research Buddhism because the exact dates of events and the accuracy of information in the old Indian books about the Buddha are unclear. The teachings of Buddhism, which originated in India, were translated in China and then introduced to Japan. Then many temples were built in Kyoto and Nara. So the Japanese language has a few words that came from India. So European languages and Indian languages are Hasei-shiteiru from the same language. ‘Hasei-suru’ (to derive) means to come from one thing and divide into many different kinds of thing. Studying history, it is easy to see that the cultures of various countries have the same roots.
そして、今日はレッスンでAIの話をしました。生徒さんに、論文を作るAIの話を聞きました。このAIはプログラミングのバグを見つけたりするのに便利だそうですが、記事や、メールや、論文を書くこともできます。生徒さんに実際にAIが書いた論文を見せてもらいました。不自然なところはほとんどありませんでした。しかも、論文は日本語で書かれていました。とても驚きました。将来、学校の課題はなくなってしまうかもしれません。最近日本では、漫画やアニメのイラストを作るAIが人気ですが、著作権などが問題になっています。

Japanese Lessons with Mayuna

S2 Ep4. 論文を作るAI

New York is known for its yellow taxis. They're everywhere: pushing through the busy streets like bees.

They are a symbol of the city and there are more than 13,500 of them buzzing around the "Big Apple."

That's a lot of taxis. But there are some other things buzzing around the city and they aren't always quite so easy to see — millionaires.

The city of yellow taxis is also the city of millionaires, and according to a new report there are about 26 times more millionaires in New York than there are taxis!

The 2024 World's Wealthiest Cities report, by investment company Henley and Partners, says New York has almost 350,000 millionaires.

That number grew by 48% between 2013 and 2023, and there are also 60 billionaires in the city.

But like so many wealthy cities, the gap between the rich and the poor in New York is big, and it's getting bigger.

According to 2023 data, the top 20% of earners in the city make almost six times as much as the bottom 20% of earners.

New York is also the world's second most expensive city to live in.

There are 11 US cities in the top 50 wealthiest cities in the world.

The Bay Area, which includes San Francisco and California's tech area of Silicon Valley is second in the list. More than 300,000 millionaires live there, along with 68 billionaires.

Tokyo is third with 298,000 millionaires, although the Japanese capital has seen a small decrease in the number of millionaires over the last 10 years.

Practice Listening, Reading & Comprehension

The Big Golden Apple: The World's Richest City

Sit Less, Move More, Live Longer, Says Study
As a new year begins, many of us have been making plans for the months ahead — things we want to do, places we want to go, and parts of our lives we want to change.

And one study from 2022 has some simple advice to share that we might be able to use in 2023: sit less, move more.

Okay, so it's not a new message, but the researchers found that the results of their large study provide more evidence that long periods of sitting are bad for our health.

This is true across the world, but especially in lower-income countries, they said.

The researchers followed more than 105,000 adults — aged between 35 and 70 — for an average of around 11 years.

They looked at how much time the participants — who were from 21 different countries — spent sitting down each day.

And they also wanted to know about their health as the years passed. In total, there were more than 6,200 deaths and almost 5,700 cases of serious heart problems during the study.

Using this information, the researchers found that people who said they sat for eight or more hours per day were at a much higher risk of early death or serious heart disease.

These people were increasing their risk by as much as 20%, according to the researchers, but they added that doing exercise could help reduce these risks.

Scott Lear, who was one of the study's authors, said: "It's a global problem that has a remarkably simple fix. Scheduling time to get out of that chair is a great start."

 Sit less, Move More

Transcript: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qW0czLUTvEC9Lo6KVQj1WChgnWu8IJAz/view?usp=drivesdk